简介：在哈佛医疗实践（HarvardMedicalPractice）的研究中，发现medicationerror（ME）是医院不良事件的重要原因，约占事件的1/5［1-2］。该结果随后在其他药物不良事件（adversedrugevent，ADE）的研究中也被确认。由此引发全球对医院中ME的流行病学研究及防范的进一步关注。

简介：Thehydrogelwounddressingbasedonpolyvinylalcohol(PVA)waspreparedbythefreezing-thawingcyclicmethod.Thedehydrationkineticsofpreparedhydrogelswasdeterminedusingtheexperimentalmethodandmathematicalmodelingbasedondiffusionmechanism.TheresultsshowthatthedehydrationrateofPVAhydrogelwounddressinginverselydependsonthehydrogelthicknessaswellaswatercontentofthewound.Ontheotherhand,theinitialwatercontentofhydrogelandtheatmospherichumidityhavelittledirecteffectonthedehydrationrate.Thegoodagreementbetweenexperimentalandmathematicalmodelingresultsinearlystagesofdehydrationprocessshowsthatthepredominatefactordeterminingthedehydrationofthesewounddressingsisdiffusion.

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简介：AbstractChronic wounds have always been a tough fight in clinical practice, which can not only make patients suffer from pain physically and mentally but also impose a heavy burden on the society. More than one factor is relevant to each step of the development of chronic wounds. Along with the in-depth research, we have realized that figuring out the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic wounds is the foundation of treatment, while wound infection is the key point concerned. The cause of infection should be identified and prevented promptly once diagnosed. This paper mainly describes the mechanism, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of chronic wound infection, and will put an emphasis on the principle of debridement.

简介：这五个单词都有“损害”、“伤害”的意思,但用法上又不尽相同。一、hurt普通用语,口语中常见。主要指有生命的东西的“受伤”。既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。如;1.Thedriverhurthimselfbadlyintheaccident.那位司机在这次事故中伤得很重。2.Shehurtherlegwhenshefell.她跌倒时,一只腿受了伤。3.Hefelthurtatyourwords.你的话使他很难过。注意:指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用;但若指精神上的创伤,只能说:verymuch/rather/deeplyhurt。

简介：Anovelintermediatefluidvaporization(IFV)technologyforLNGre-gasificationprocesswithspiral-woundheatexchangingtubesisproposed.ThenewIFVprojectcombinestheadvantageofrunningtheshellandtubeheatexchangersathighpressurewiththeadvantageofcompactspaceofheatexchangers.Thermalanalysisonthetwoprocessesofforcedconvectionandvaporizationtypeheattransferinthespiralwoundtubesandvaporcondensation/re-boilingtypeofheattransferviaintermediatefluidinshellsideshowsthefeasibilityofthispromisingtechnology.

简介：目的：观察一指禅推拿手法治疗失眠症的临床疗效。方法：将60例失眠症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组30例。治疗组采用一指禅“引阳入阴”推拿法与常规药物治疗，对照组给予常规药物治疗。用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表评定患者治疗前后的睡眠状况。结果：推拿组治疗后的各项评分均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05），特别是“安眠药物”一项改善更明显（P〈0．01）。结论：一指禅“引阳入阴”推拿法能有效改善患者的睡眠质量，明显减少安眠药物的使用，是一种较为理想的非药物治疗方法。

简介：目的：照观察针药结合与单纯西药治疗中风后抑郁症（PSD）的疗效及不良反应。方法：采用开放性对照研究方法，将93例抑郁症患者随机分为三组，针药组30例、百忧解A组30例、百忧解B组33例。针药组口服百忧解20mg／d并加以针刺，百忧解A组口服百忧解20mg／d，百忧解B组口服百忧解20～40mg／d；三组治疗时间均为42d，以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及副反应观察量表（TESS）分别观察三组的疗效及不良反应。结果：针药组有效率为86．7％，百忧解A组为63．3％，百忧解B组为87．9％，针药组疗效优于百忧解A组，与百忧解B组疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但药物不良反应发生率百忧解B组高于针药组。结论：药并用是脑卒中后抑郁症的一种疗效确切且副反应少的治疗方法。

简介：AbstractObjective:To describe the issues related to the assignment of surgical wound classification as it pertains to Otolaryngology—Head & Neck surgery, and to present a simple framework by which providers can assign wound classification.Data Sources:Literature review.Conclusion:Surgical wound classification in its current state is limited in its utility. It has recently been disregarded by major risk assessment models, likely due to inaccurate and inconsistent reporting by providers and operative staff. However, if data accuracy is improved, this metric may be useful to inform the risk of surgical site infection. In an era of quality-driven care and reimbursement, surgical wound classification may become an equally important indicator of quality.

简介：BACKGROUND:Livedeliverylimitstheclinicalapplicationofmaggottherapy.TodateinChina,therearenoinvivoreportsregardingwoundhealingmechanismsofmaggottherapyortheeffectsofmaggothomogenateonwoundnerveregeneration.OBJECTIVE:Toavoidcomplicationsduetotheuseoflivemaggots,anasepticmaggothomogenatewasapplied.SubstanceP(SP)andgeneproteinproduct9.5expressioninacutaneouswoundwasanalyzedtoexplorepossiblemechanismsofneuralregenerationandwoundhealingintherat.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ArandomgroupingandcontrolledanimalstudywasperformedatthelaboratoryoftheDepartmentofOrthopedicSurgery,FirstAffiliatedHospital,DalianMedicalUniversityfromAugust2008toApril2009.MATERIALS:LivemaggotswereculturedandprovidedbythelaboratoryoftheDepartmentofOrthopedicSurgeryoftheFirstAffiliatedHospital,DalianMedicalUniversity,China.METHODS:Atotalof48adultratswereselectedandtwoacute,full-thicknesswounds(round,1.5cmdiameter)werecreatedonthebackofeachrat.Thetwowoundswererandomlyassignedtohomogenateproductandcontrolgroups.Followingtwo-stepdisinfectionofmaggots,ahomogenatewasproducedfrom10maggotsandappliedtothewoundareainthehomogenateproductgroup,whilethewoundsinthecontrolgroupweretreatedwithnormalsalinealone.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Ondays1,3,7,10,14,and21followinginjury,thewoundtissuewasexcised.HistologicalexaminationofthewoundwasobservedbyhematoxylinandeosinstainingorMasson'sTrichromestaining.SPandproteingeneproduct9.5expressionswereexaminedbyimmunohistochemistrytoevaluatewoundneuralregeneration.RESULTS:Ondays7,10,and14,therateofwoundhealingwassignificantlygreaterinthehomogenateproductgroupcomparedwiththecontrolgroup(P<0.05),andhomogenatehealingwasbetterthanthatseeninthecontrolgroup.Ondays3,7,and10,SPexpressionincellsandregenerativenerveswassignificantlygreaterinthehomogenateproductgroupcomparedw

简介：OwingtorecentprogressoflongYBCOcoatedconductors,coilswoundofYBCOconductorswillbedevelopedinnearfuture.ComparedwithcoilswoundofLTSconductom,coilswoundofHTSconductorsoperatedathighertemperaturearehardtobequenched.However,measuresforquenchprotectionarestillnecessary.EspeciallyYBCOcoatedconductorsthataremadebydepositionofthinYBCOfilmonNibasedalloysubstratessuchasHastelloytapesarehighlyresistivewhentheyarequenched,Therefore,

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简介：BackgroundDeepsternawoundinfection(DSWI)aftermediansternotomyforcardiacsurgeryisoneofthemostcomplexandpotentiallylife-threateningcomplications.ItsverydifficulttotreatDSWI,andthereislackofagreementregardingthebesttherapystrategy.Thus,weaimedtosummarizeourexperiencesofsurgicaltreatmentforDSWI,inwhichsatisfactoryclinicalresultswereobtained.MethodsWeretrospectivelyanalyzed17caseswhosufferedfromDSWIaftercardiacsurgeryinourdepartmentfromJanuary2010toJune2015.Therewere8maleand9femalepatientswiththeiraverageageof62.7±9.5years(range42~75years).Allpatientsreceivedreservationofpartofsternumcombinedwithvacuum-assistedsuctiondrainageandbilateralpectoralismajormyocutaneousadvancementflaps.ResultsTheaverageintervalbetweencardiacsurgeryanddiagnosedDSWIwas10.9±6.5days(range5~21days).Timeofvacuum-assistedsuctiondrainagewas11.6±4.8days(range5~15days)andwoundhealingtimewas27.3±7.2days(range23~35days).Allpatientshadanuneventfulpostoperativerecoveryandgoodwoundhealing.Follow-uptimewas33.7±13.3months(range8~74months).Norecurrentinfectionwasobserved.ConclusionsReservationofpartofsternumcombinedwithvacuum-assistedsuctiondrainageandbilateralpectoralismajormyocutaneousadvancementflapsisasimpleandeffectivesurgicalstrategyforthetreatmentofDSWIaftercardiacsurgery.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhetherthesimultaneoustreatmentwithhumangrowthhormone(hGH)abolishesthenegativeeffectsofeverolimusonanastomotichealing.METHODS:Forty-eightmaleSprague-Dawley-ratswererandomizedtothreegroupsof16animalseach(Ⅰ:vehicle;Ⅱ:everolimus3mg/kgpo;Ⅲ:everolimus3mg/kgpo+hGH2.5mg/kgsc).AnimalswerepretreatedwithhGHand/oreverolimusdailyforsevendays.Thenastandardanastomosiswascreatedinthedescendingcolonandtreatmentwascontinuedforanothersevendays.Theanastomosiswasresectedintotoandtheburstingpressurewasassessedasamechanicalparameterofintestinalhealing.Moreover,biochemical(Hydroxyproline,PCNA,MPO,MMP-2andMMP-9)andhistological(celldensity,angiogenesis,amountofgranulationtissue)parametersofintestinalhealingwereassessed.RESULTS:AnastomoticburstingpressurewassignificantlyreducedbyeverolimusandasimultaneoustreatmentwithhGHresultedinconsiderablyhighervalues(Ⅰ:134±19mmHg,Ⅱ:85±25mmHg,Ⅲ:114±25mmHg;P<0.05,ⅠvsⅡ;P=0.09,ⅠvsⅢandⅡvsⅢ)HydroxyprolineconcentrationwassignificantlyincreasedbyhGHcomparedtoeverolimusalone(Ⅰ:14.9±2.5μg/mg,Ⅱ:8.9±3.6μg/mg,Ⅲ:11.9±2.8μg/mg;P<0.05,?ⅠvsⅡ/ⅢandⅡvsⅢ).ThenumberofMPO-positivecellswasreducedsignificantlybyhGHcomparedtoeverolimusalone(Ⅰ:10±1n/mm~2,Ⅱ:15±3n/mm~2,Ⅲ:9±2n/mm~2;P<0.05,ⅠvsⅡandⅡvsⅢ),whilethenumberofPCNA-positivecellswereincreasedbyhGH(Ⅰ:28±3/mm~2,Ⅱ:12±3/mm~2,Ⅲ:26±12/mm~2;P<0.05,?Ⅰ?vsⅡandⅡvsⅢ).Correspondingtothesebiochemicalfindings,HEhistologyrevealedsignificantlyincreasedamountofgranulationtissueinhGH-treatedanimals.CONCLUSION:InhibitionofintestinalwoundhealingbyeverolimusispartiallyneutralizedbysimultaeoustreatmentwithhGH.BothinflammationaswellascollagendepositionisinfluencedbyhGH.

简介：Angiogenesis在出生后的生命期间在胚胎的脉管的树的发展以及处于几个正常、病理学的条件起一个基本作用。Bloodsupply，由neovascularization建立了，在愈合弯屈期间为histogenesis是必要的以及变长的手足在骨胳的损伤sequalae的治疗广泛地适用。Butlittle注意对这个区域被给予了。这评论试图在机械应力下面总结angiogenesis规定，在愈合的创伤中的angiogenesis的过程和angiogenesis，特别地与紧张压力原则联合。

简介：目的：观察针药并用治疗2型糖尿病高血压及对血浆神经肽Y（NeuropeptideY，NPY）的影响。方法：将60例2型糖尿病高血压患者按入院川页序，随机分为两组，治疗组30例，采用针刺加口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗，对照组30例，采用单纯口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗。于治疗15d后观察两组患者血压及其血浆NPY含量的变化。结果：两组患者治疗后其血压和血浆NPY含量均显著降低（P〈0．01），且治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：针药并用对2型糖尿病高血压患者具有明显的降低血压效果和降低血浆NPY含量的作用。

简介：Ⅰ.PrefaceStartingisoneoftheimportanttopicsofasynchronousmo-tors.Variedmethodsoveralongperiodoftimeforimprovingthestartingcharacteristicsoftheasynchronousmotorshadbeenadoptedbydomesticandforeignelectricalengineers.Themethodswhichinnovateontheinternalstructureoftheelectricalmotorssoastoimprovethestartingcharacteristicsfallintotwokinds.Thefirstoneistochangethestructureofthestatorwindingofthemotors,forinstance,the"star-delta"starting,the"prolongedsidetriangle"

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