简介：Benignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV)isthemostfrequentepisodicvestibulardisorder.Itisduetootolithreststhatarefreeintothecanalsorattachedtothecupulas.Wellover90%ofpatientscanbesuccessfullytreatedwithmanoeuvresthatmovetheparticlesbacktotheutriculus.Amongthegreatvarietyofproceduresthathavebeendescribed,themanoeuvresthataresupportedbyevidenced-basedstudiesorextensiveseriesarecommentedinthisreview.SometopicsregardingBPPVtreatment,suchascontrollingtheaccuracyoftheproceduresortheutilityofpost-manoeuvrerestrictionsarealsodiscussed.

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简介：Benignprostatichyperplasia(BPH)isanage-relateddiseaseofunknownetiology,characterizedbyprostaticenlargementcoincidentwithdistinctalterationsintissuehistology.Inthepresentstudy,weinvestigatedwhethertriptolidecanpreventtestosterone-inducedprostatichyperplasiainrats.Castrationwasperformedviathescrotalrouteafterurethaneaesthesia.BPHwasinducedinexperimentalgroupsbydailysubcutaneousinjectionsoftestosteronepropionate(TP)fortwoweeks.Triptolidewasadministereddailybyoralgavageatadoseof100and50μg×kg~(-1)for2weeks,alongwiththeTPinjections.Onday14,theanimalswerehumanelykilledbycervicaldislocationafteraesthesia.Prostateswereexcised,weighed,andusedforhistologicalstudies.Testosteroneanddihydrotestosterone(DHT)levelsinserumandprostateweremeasured.Theresultsshowedthattriptolidesignificantlyreducedtheprostateweight,andthetestosteroneandDHTlevelsinboththeserumandprostate.HistopathologicalexaminationalsoshowedthattriptolidetreatmentsuppressedTP-inducedprostatichyperplasia.Inconclusion,triptolideeffectivelyinhibitsthedevelopmentofBPHinducedbytestosteroneinaratmodel.

简介：Objective:Toassesstheimpactofpastlivermetastasesonthesurvivaldurationofpatientswhoareundergoingsurgeryforlungmetastases.Methods:Weconductedareviewofliteraturepublishedfrom2007to2014.ThestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingPubMed,MEDLINE,andEmbaseandweresupplementedbyamanualsearchofthereferenceslistedbytheretrievedstudies.Thefollowingsearchtermswereused:lungmetastasectomy,pulmonarymetastasectomy,lungmetastases,andlungmetastasis.Weselectedretrospectiveandprospectivestudiespublishedfrom2007to2014onpatientswithlungmetastasesfromcolorectalcancerandwereundergoingsurgerywithcurativeintent.Weexcludedreviews,studiesthatfocusedonsurgicaltechniques,patientswhoweretreatednon-surgically,analysesofspecificsubgroupsofpatients,andthosethatdidnotreportfollow-upofthepatientsundergoingsurgery.Results:Weidentified28papersthatassessedsurvivalafterlungmetastases,21ofwhichweremostlyretrospectivestudiesthatidentifiedpreviouslivermetastasestoexploretheirimpactonpatientsurvival.Inmorethanhalfofthepapersanalyzed(63.2%),patientswithahistoryofresectedlivermetastaseshadalowersurvivalratethanthosewhodidnothavesuchahistory,andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificantineightofthesestudies.However,datawerepresenteddifferently,andauthorsreportedmeansurvivaltime,survivalrates,orhazardratios.Conclusions:Ahistoryoflivermetastasesseemstobeanegativeprognosticfactor,buttheindividualdataneedtoundergoameta-analysis.

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