简介：AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a principal cause of maternal and newborn mortality that poses financial and physical burdens to tens of thousands of families each year. Unfortunately, there is no effective management to arrest the progression of this disease unless delivery. Therefore, standardized management or preventive treatments are needed urgently. PE is closely associated with placental hypoxia, which increases the secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) as well as soluble endoglin (sEng) into the maternal circulation. Metformin has been found to inhibit those anti-angiogenic factors so it might be a candidate to prevent or treat PE. Women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are more likely to have complications of hypertension or PE, so this review aims to demonstrate that the application of metformin in GDM might prevent the onset or progression of PE complicated with GDM.

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简介：AbstractThe main treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) currently include surgery, rehabilitation, and most commonly, drug therapy. However, the drugs that are currently used to treat PD provide only symptomatic relief and delayed disease progression but have no curative effect and cause many adverse reactions. When considering pathogenic factors and metabolic regulation, PD and type 2 diabetes have a high rate of comorbidity; this provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of PD with first-line antidiabetic drugs. Among these agents, metformin reduces neuronal damage in the brains of PD patients via neuroprotection and the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thus providing a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of PD. Here, we present the current state of knowledge about the use of metformin to treat PD and discuss its clinical prospects.

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简介：AbstractPregnancy complicated with diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Good control of glucose level during pregnancy contributes to improve maternal and fetal outcomes and break the vicious cycle of "diabetes begetting diabetes". The first line antidiabetic drug in pregnancy is insulin, which is expensive and inconvenient to use. Lots of clinical trials and meta-analyses have constantly confirmed the safety and efficacy of metformin in pregnancy. Several guidelines across the world have been discussing metformin as an alternative to insulin in pregnancy. This article summarizes the opinions about metformin from several latest guidelines.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) increases insulin sensitivity, but it is associated with unsatisfactory weight loss. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide has been shown to reduce weight and IR in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of exenatide once-weekly (QW) combined with MET on body weight, as well as metabolic and endocrinological parameters in overweight/obese women with PCOS.Methods:Fifty overweight/obese women with PCOS diagnosed via the Rotterdam criteria were randomized to one of two treatment groups: MET (500 mg three times a day [TID]) or combination treatment (COM) (MET 500 mg TID, exenatide 2 mg QW) for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were anthropometric changes associated with obesity, and the secondary outcomes included changes in reproductive hormone levels, glucose and lipid metabolism, and C-reactive protein.Results:Forty (80%) patients completed the study. COM therapy was superior to MET monotherapy in reducing weight (P = 0.045), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.041), and waist circumference (P = 0.023). Patients in the COM group on an average lost 3.8 ± 2.4 kg compared with 2.1 ± 3.0 kg in the MET group. In the COM group, BMI and waist circumference decreased by 1.4 ± 0.87 kg/m2 and 4.63 ± 4.42 cm compared with 0.77 ± 1.17 kg/m2 and 1.72 ± 3.07 cm in the MET group, respectively. Moreover, levels of fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-h glucose, and OGTT 2-h insulin were significantly lower with COM therapy than with MET (P < 0.050). Mild and moderate gastrointestinal reactions were the most common adverse events in both groups.Conclusions:COM therapy was more effective than MET alone in reducing body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and improving insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese women with PCOS, with acceptable short-term side effects.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04029272. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04029272

简介：Effectsoftwodosesoftheanti-diabeticdrug,metformin(MF),onhormonalandmetaboliclevelsofserumofnon-diabeticmaleWistarratswith1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)-inducedcolontumoradenocarcinomaswerestudied.Carcinogenesisintheanimalswasalsoobserved.RatswithDMH-inducedcolonadenocarcinomashadelevatedlevelsofserumglucose,insulin,insulinlikegrowthfactor-1,totalcholesterol,triglycerides,catalase,malonicdialdehyde,glycatedhemoglobin,aspartateaminotransferase,andalanineaminotransferaseanddecreasedhemoglobin.TreatmentwithtwodosesofMFnormalizedmajorityofthesechangesinDMH-treatedrats,whereasthedrugwasineffectiveinratswithoutDMHtreatment.TheonlyexceptionwasthedecreasedtriglyceridelevelsinMF-treatedrats.A100mg/kgdoseofMFincreasedDMH-inducedexophyticcoloncarcinomasanddecreasedendophytictumorscomparedwithuntreatedrats.Moreover,bothMFdosesincreasedDMH-inducedandhighlydifferentiatedtumorsanddecreasedtheinvasivenessofcoloncarcinomascomparedwithratsprovidedwithDMHandwater.Therefore,effectsofMFonmetabolichomeostasisarecriticalforpreventingcoloncancer.

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