简介：Weidentifytwointerrelatedbutindependentspeciesofmicrocrackswithdifferentoriginsanddifferentdistributions.Onespeciesistheclassichigh-stressmicrocracksidentifiedinlaboratorystress-cellsassociatedwithacousticemissionsasmicrocracksopenwithincreasingstress.Theotherspeciesisthelow-stressdistributionsofclosely-spacedstress-alignedfluid-saturatedmicrocracksthatobservationsofshear-wavesplitting（SWS）demonstratepervadealmostallinsiturocksintheuppercrust,thelowercrust,andtheuppermost400kmofthemantle.Onsomeoccasionsthesetwosetsofmicrocracksmaybeinterrelatedandsimilar（hence＇species＇）buttheytypicallyhavefundamentally-differentproperties,differentdistributions,anddifferentimplications.TheimportanceforhydrocarbonexplorationandrecoveryisthatSWSinhydrocarbonreservoirsmonitorscrackalignmentsandpreferreddirectionsoffluid-flow.TheimportanceforearthquakeseismologyisthatSWSabovesmallearthquakesmonitorstheeffectsofincreasingstressonthepervasivelow-stressmicrocrackdistributionssothatstress-accumulationbefore,possiblydistant,earthquakescanberecognisedandimpendin~earthquakesstress-forecast.

简介：当他们被使遭到影响时，在自然鱼眼石晶体的破裂坚韧上结果被介绍。裂缝和骨折的形态学被学习了。裂缝形成不显示出任何各向异性的性质并且仍然是可以是水晶的取向的一样，这被发现。破裂坚韧K//c和易碎物的平均价值索引，从裂缝长度的大小决定了被估计是0.107g亩m**减**3**/**2和4.19亩m**减**1**/**2分别地为一(100)飞机。收益力量为一(100)，P(111)和C(001)为更低的负担的鱼眼石晶体的飞机是2250，2160和1840MPa并且分别地为更高的负担是1510，1600和1430MPa。(编辑作者摘要)7个裁判员。