简介:Inthispaper,wedescribetheestimationoflow-altituderefractivitystructurefromsimulationandrealground-basedGPSdelays.Theverticalstructureoftherefractiveenvironmentismodeledusingthreeparameters,i.e.,ductheight,ductthickness,andductslope.Therefractivitymodelisimplementedwithaprioriconstraintsontheductheight,thickness,andstrength,whichmightbederivedfromsoundingsornumericalweather-predictionmodels.Araypropagationmodelmapstherefractivitystructureintoareplicafield.Replicafieldsarecomparedwiththesimulationobserveddatausingasquarederrorobjectivefunction.Aglobalsearchforthethreeenvironmentalparametersisperformedusingageneticalgorithm.Theinversionisassessedbycomparingtherefractivityprofilesfromtheradiosondestothoseestimated.Thistechniquecouldprovidenear-real-timeestimationoftheductingeffect.Theresultssuggestthatground-basedGPSprovidessignificantatmosphericrefractivityinformation,despitecertainfundamentallimitationsofground-basedmeasurements.Radiosondesaretypicallylaunchedjustafewtimesdaily.Consequently,estimatesoftemporallyandspatiallyvaryingrefractivitythatassimilateGPSdelayscouldsubstantiallyimproveover-estimatescausedbyusingradiosondedataalone.
简介:在从Chengdu平原(CP)的这个学习Chengdu红地球(CRE)中,四川省,被分析为它的元素(专业和踪迹元素)并且同位素(Sm-Nd)地球化学并且与从在北中国的中国黄土高原(CLP)的更新世黄土和paleosol样品相比。CRE的geochemical作文类似于北方中国黄土,并且也类似于平均UCC。这显示当黄土在北中国扔,CRE从经历了众多的上面的外壳的再循环过程的混合得好的沉积protoliths被导出。然而,在CRE和北方中国黄土的geochemical特征的明显的差别也在我们的结果被揭示。为化学上稳定的元素,CRE有更高的Ti,Zr,Hf和更低的REE,与从CLP的黄土样品比较的Ba内容。进一步的分析证明CRE有更高的TiO2/Al2O3,SiO2/Al2O3,Ba/Rb和更低的Ce/Yb,Eu/Yb,LaN/YbN和LREE/HREE比率。在内容和Nd(0)在CRE珍视的Sm-Nd同位素的地球化学,Sm和Nd比在北方中国黄土的那些显著地高。在在四川盆和包围区域与Ti的高背景集中与一致的CRE的更高的TiO2内容。更低的REE和更高的Sm,Nd,Nd(0)价值与在西南四川盆的暗岩的宽分发有关。CRE的元素、同位素的地球化学显示在CP的eolian材料主要来自四川盆和包围区域,它在CLP不同于黄土存款。
简介:StructuralhealthmonitoringofRCstructuresunderseismicloadshasrecentlyattractedmuchattentionintheearthquakeengineeringresearchcommunity.Inthisstudy,apiezoceramic-baseddevicecalled'smartaggregate'wasusedforthehealthmonitoringofRCframestructuresunderearthquakeexcitations.ThreeRCmomentframesinstrumentedwithsmartaggregatesweretestedusingashaketablewithdifferentgroundexcitationintensities.Distributedpiezoceramic-basedsmartaggregateswereembeddedintheRCstructuresandusedtomonitortheirhealthconditionduringthetests.Thesensitivityandeffectivenessoftheproposedpiezoceramic-basedapproachwereinvestigatedandevaluatedbyanalyzingthemeasuredresponses.Thedisplacementductilitydemandofthestructuralmemberswascalculatedandcomparedwiththedamageindexdeterminedfromthehealthmonitoringsystem.Thecomparisonshowsthatthedamageindexiscompatiblewiththecalculatedductilitydemand.
简介:Inthispaper,theprogressanddevelopmentonremotesensingtechnologyappliedinearthquakemonitoringresearcharesummarized,suchasdifferentialinterferencesyntheticapertureradar(D-InSAR),infraredremotesensing,andseismo-ionosphericdetecting.Manynewmonitoringdatainthisdomainhavebeenused,andnewdataprocessingmethodshavebeendevelopedtoobtainhigh-precisionimagesaboutcrustaldeformation,outgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR),surfacelatentheatflux(SLHF),andionosphericparameters.Thedevelopmentinmonitoringtechnologyanddataprocessingtechniquelargelyenrichesearthquakeresearchinformationandprovidesnewtoolsforearthquakestereoscopemonitoringsystem,especiallyonthespacepart.Finally,newdevelopingtrendinthisareawasintroduced,andsomekeyproblemsinfutureworkwerepointedout.
简介:WithwellsPuguang2and6inthePuguanggasfieldastheresearchobjectsbychoosingorganiccarbonascharacterizationreservoircarbon(indirectlyreflectingthebitumencontents),thispaperdiscussestherelationshipbetweenbitumencontentsandlithologiccharacteristics,reservoircharacteristics,andcalculatesthevolumeofpaleo-oilandoilcrackedgas.Thestudyshowsthattheorganiccarboncontentsofthereservoirsarerelatedtolithologiccharacteristics.Duetovariationsintheparticlesizeorstructureofrocks,theporosityofthereservoirsvaries,furthermore,itwillinfluencethecontentsoforganiccarbon.Andtherelationshipbetweenthesetwoparametersispositive.Basedontheanalysis,therelationshipbetweentotalorganiccarbon(TOC)andthecontentsofreservoirbitumenalsoappearstobepositive.Thevolumeofpaleo-oilandcrackedgasoftheChangxing-Feixian’guanFormationarerespectively495milliontonsand360.4billionm3throughthecalculationofreservoir’sorganiccarbon.Therefore,therelationshipbetweencarbon-bearingrateandcharacteristicsofthereservoirscanbeusedtoindirectlyevaluatereservoirtypes.Besides,thecarbon-bearingrateofthereservoirsalsoreflectsthecontentsofreservoirbitumen,paleo-oilaswellasnaturalgas.Itmakesanewapproachforthestudyofthetypesofreservoirsandtheamountsofpaleo-oilandoilcrackedgasinnortheasternSichuanBasin.
简介:包含五本国的起源和Pinusradiata(D.唐)的澳大利亚的landrace的一个起源实验在四川的干燥的河山谷区域在三个地点上被建立,在2004的西南中国以便为环境种在上选择最合适的起源干燥,陡峭、降级的斜坡将减少土壤侵蚀。尽管与在与P相比的冬季的低得多的土壤潮湿供应和吝啬的最小的温度。在世界上在其它地方建立的radiata起源试用,这些地点在以前的气候定义的种类的工作限制以内建模并且匹配。在实验被建立以后,因为困难的地点条件和严重自然骚乱,死亡越过与在另外的国家的起源试用相比的三个地点高。在起源由之中的平均死亡率复制在在种以后在种以后从16%~76%四年,并且从40%~88%五年改变的三个地点上种单位。树尺寸的重复大小随着时间的过去用multilevel被分析为平均数导出生长曲线的线性混合模型,中部,第75并且在每个地点的每起源的尺寸分发的第90个百分位数。树生长上有重要地点效果,但是在地点和起源之间的重要相互作用都没被检测。在六起源之中,威尔斯是在越过所有地点的直径,高度和茎体积生长的最好的表演者。比一般水准和这起源的最好的树好由名字的茎体积分发的第75和第90个百分位数代表了比澳大利亚的landrace显著地大,一?oNuevo,和二岛起源,Guadalupe和Cedros。Monterey是全面的在威尔斯后面的第二个最好的表演者。澳大利亚的landrace,Guadalupe和A?oNuevo一般来说有类似的表演。Cedros显著地并且一致地低于所有另外的本国的起源和澳大利亚的陆地赛跑。因为现在的澳大利亚的种植园的基因库主要从A被导出?oNuevo和Monterey,在如此的困难的地点的威尔斯的优异早生长性能把一条新诺言带到P的搜索。为在新南威尔士和澳大利亚的另外的部分的广阔dryland区域的radiata
简介:Adoublycladdingsingle-modefiberhumiditysensorisfabricatedbyagarose.Thesensorhasaninsertionlossof0.08dBandapowerchangeof17.83dB.Theresponsesofthesensortoarelativehumidity(RH)rangeform30%to100%atatemperaturerangeform25to34Carevalidated.TheexperimentsdemonstratethattheabsorbabilityofagarosegeltomoisturedecreaseswithincreasingRHinmeasuredgas.Weproposeacalibrationmethodthatuseslookuptablesandconstructacorrespondingcalibrationmatrix.Usingthesensor,weconductreal-timemonitoringofRHinfreshconcreteduringitshardeningprocess.
简介:上面的三叠纪的Xujiahe()在四川的形成()盆,西南中国为盆规模沙免职是特殊的。这相对稀罕的沉积现象很好没被解释。这里,我们由讨论沉积框架和概念的模型处理了这个问题。沉积设定的分析暗示盆在免职期间收到了违反。它有多重起源供应和河网络,作为被在包括北方,东方和南方的多重方向的oldlands包围。因此,盆被沿海、广泛地开、浅的湖的免职通常在晚三叠纪的Xujiahe时期期间描绘。这类似于现代著名Poyang()湖。因此,我们与类似物在Xujiahe时期期间调查了框架和四川盆的概念的模型到波伊昂·莱克。结果证明免职的概念的模型能被划分成transgressive和回归的阶段。形成的第一,第三和第五个成员在transgressive舞台,存款被岸和浅湖的泥统治。相反,免职在回归的阶段期间主要具有编织的河隧道沙存款,主要包括形成的第二,第四和第六个成员。扔在的沙因为侧面的移植并且十字的前面的移动,几乎,全部盆编织的河联网。短、快速的违反和相对长的回归的多重引申对盆规模沙免职有益。因此,编织的河的主要隧道和它的extensional区域为烃水库的发展是有利的。这提供实际意义给水库评估和探索。另外,结果也在学习区域认为相对特殊的沉积现象正当并且可以也为在其它地方理解大规模沙免职有含意。