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简介：TheChildNutritionPrograminvitesallstudentstoparticipateintheschoolbreakfastandlunchprogramatschool.Ourgoalistoimprovethehealthandeducationofstudentsbyprovidingnutritiousmealsthatpromotefoodchoicesforahealthydiet.Failuretoeatbalancedmealsincreasestheriskofillnessincludingobesity,

简介：AseriesofresearchesonthenutritionproblemsinthecultivationofChinesefirseedlingsandplantations,whicharemainlyfocusontheproblemsofseriouslanddegradationinChinesefirplantationsincontradictionwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheplantationsinChina,weresummarized.Twelveyearswastakenandmorethan30piecesofresearchpaperswerepublishedfortheresearches,whichreferstotheproblemsofgrowtheffect,physiologicaleffect,vegetationvariation,biomassaccumulation,n...

简介：Enteralnutritionhasbeenstronglyrecommendedbymajorscientificsocietiesforthenutritionalmanagementofpatientswithacutepancreatitis.Providingsevereacutepancreatitispatientswithenteralnutritionwithinthefirst24-48hofhospitaladmissioncanhelpimproveoutcomescomparedtoparenteralnutritionandnofeeding.Newresearchisfocusinginonwhenandwhattofeedtobestimproveoutcomesforacutepancreatitispatients.Earlyenteralnutritionhavethepotentialtomodulatetheimmuneresponses.Despitethisconsistentevidenceofearlyenteralnutritioninpatientswithacutepancreatitis,clinicalpracticecontinuestovaryduetoindividualclinicianpreference.Achievingtheimmunemodulatingeffectsofenteralnutritionheavilydependonproperplacementofthefeedingtubeandmanaginganytubefeedingassociatedcomplications.Thecurrentarticlereviewstheimmunemodulatingeffectsofenteralnutritionandpro-andprebioticsandsuggestssomepracticaltoolsthathelpimprovethepatientadherenceandtolerancetothetubefeeding.Properselectionofthetypeofthetube,closemonitoringofthetubeforitsplacement,patencyandsecuringitsproperplacementandroutinecheckingthegastricresidualvolumecouldallhelpimprovetheoutcome.Usingpeptide-basedandhighmediumchaintriglyceridesfeedingformulashelpimprovingfeedingtolerance.

简介：Theuseofenteralfeedingaspartofthemanagementofacutepancreatitisdatesbackalmosttwodecades.Thisreviewdescribestheindicationsforandlimitationsofenteralfeedingforthetreatmentofacutepancreatitisusingup-to-dateevidence-baseddata.Asystematicreviewwascarriedouttoanalysecurrentdataontheuseofenteralnutritioninthemanagementofacutepancreatitis.Relevantliteraturewasanalysedfromtheviewpointsofenteralvsparenteralfeeding,earlyvsdelayedenteralnutrition,nasogastricvsnasojejunalfeeding,andearlyoraldietandimmunonutrition,particularlyglutamineandprobioticsupplementation.Finally,currentapplicableguidelinesandtheeffectsoftheseguidelinesonclinicalpracticearediscussed.Thelatestmeta-analysessuggestthatenteralnutritionsignificantlyreducesthemortalityrateofsevereacutepancreatitiscomparedtoparenteralfeeding.Tomaintaingutbarrierfunctionandpreventearlybacterialtranslocation,enteralfeedingshouldbecommencedwithinthefirst24hofhospitaladmission.Also,thesafetyofnasogastricfeeding,whicheasestheadministrationofenteralnutrientsintheclinicalsetting,islikelyequaltonasojejunalfeeding.Furthermore,anearlylow-fatoraldietispotentiallybeneficialinpatientswithmildpancreatitis.Despitetheinitialencouragingresults,thecurrentevidencedoesnotsupporttheuseofimmunoenhancednutrientsorprobioticsinpatientswithacutepancreatitis.

简介：硅(Si)经由钙硅酸盐的申请被供应了到植物到土壤；然而，因为它的低溶解度，钙硅酸盐的高剂量被要求。Nanoparticles能减少Si剂量并且被用于播种沟。这研究调查了液体Si来源的效果，即，高度可溶的硅酸盐(115.2gL1Si和60.5gL1Na2O)并且nanosilica(<200nm)，在Si上，由米饭的举起种，植物木质化，植物C:N:Pstoichiometry，植物生理学，和谷物在greanhousecondistions下面用Oxisol让步。处理包括了nanosilica和可溶的硅酸盐的申请到在0，605，1210，和2420g的Si剂量播种沟哈1。植物举起和处理效果被测量累积，生理的特征，和谷物米饭产出的C和木质素内容，Si，N，和P评估。在标志叶子的硅石身体和非结晶的硅石的免职用扫描电子显微镜学被分析。液体Si的申请在与控制的关系在米饭增加了Si累积47.3%(0g哈1Si)，不管Si，来源使用了。Nanosilica申请增加了叶木质素内容112.7%什么时候与那相比在控制。硅中等影响了网C吸收(增加了1.83%)并且蒸发率(增加了48.3%)；然而，Si影响了既不植物生长也不米饭的谷物产量。这些结果被关於生命或不能生活的应力的缺乏在实验期间在米饭植物解释。就我们的知识而言，在巴西农业，这在植物营养上作为Si化肥和它的效果是nanosilica的使用上的第一份报告。这研究提供米饭植物吸收并且积累nanoparticles的证据；然而，进一步的研究被要求在另外的植物种类调查nanoparticles的使用。

简介：钾(K)在植物影响生理的过程的一个范围并且是控制庄稼生产率和收益质量的一个关键因素。很少信息都不有关切割花植物的功能上的K营养的效果是可得到的。现在的学习被执行调查在K和N营养之间的相互作用，在花数量和毛莨属asiaticusL的质量上。植物与Kfertigation的三个层次被供应(60，120，或180mgKL−；1)不到50mgNL−；1应用，并且在120mgKL−的中间的水平；1，到N应用的三个层次(50，100，或150mgNL−；1)。二最低K治疗和最低N治疗由于更低的发生在花生产为佼佼者倒下茎，在很快扩展花茎的纸巾与局部性的Ca缺乏联系的混乱。有害效果在180mgKL−的供应下面已经以收益质量是明显的；1和50mgNL−；1，并且没在渗透的潜在的、相对的水内容或植物织物的膜稳定性与变化被联系，或与在除在高N申请下面的减少的Ca以外的叶子的矿物质内容的变化。我们的结果建议R的一个低营养的要求。asiaticusL。为K和N，在在K和N的高集中的申请下面的减少的花质量的织物水关系的参与的缺乏，和茎由Ca的减少的可获得性在N和K的高申请下面倒下到花的膨胀织物的正式就职起源。

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简介：AbstractPurpose:To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition on outcomes of trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:Clinical data of trauma patients in the ICU of Daping Hospital, China from January 2012 to December 2017 was retrospectively analyzed, including patient age, gender, injury mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), nutritional treatment, postoperative complications (wound infection, abdominal abscess, anastomotic rupture, pneumonia), mortality, and adverse events (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention). Only adult trauma patients who developed bloodstream infection after surgery for damage control were included. Patients were divided into early enteral nutrition group (<48 h) and delayed enteral nutrition group (control group, >48 h). Data of all trauma patients were collected by the same investigator. Data were expressed as frequency (percentage), mean ± standard deviation (normal distribution), or median (Q1, Q3) (non-normal distribution) and analyzed by Chi-square test, Student's t-test, or rank-sum test accordingly. Multiple logistic regression analysis was further adopted to investigate the significant variables with enteral nutrition.Results:Altogether 876 patients were assessed and 110 were eligible for this study, including 93 males and 17 females, with the mean age of (50.0 ± 15.4) years. Traffic accidents (46 cases, 41.8%) and fall from height (31 cases, 28.2%) were the dominant injury mechanism. There were 68 cases in the early enteral nutrition group and 42 cases in the control group. Comparison of general variables between early enteral nutrition group and control group revealed significant difference regarding surgeries of enterectomy (1.5% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.01), ileum/transverse colon/sigmoid colostomy (4.4% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.01) and operation time (h) (3.2 (1.9, 6.1) vs. 4.2 (1.8, 8.8), p = 0.02). Other variables like ISS (p = 0.31), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation≥20 (p = 0.79), etc. had no obvious difference. Chi-square test showed a much better result in early enteral nutrition group than in control group regarding morality (0 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.03), length of hospital stay (days) (76.8 ± 41.4 vs. 81.4 ± 44.7, p = 0.01) and wound infection (10.3% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of wound infection was related to the duration required to achieve the enteral nutrition standard (OR = 1.095, p = 0.002). Seventy-six patients (69.1%) achieved the nutritional goal within a week and 105 patients (95.5%) in the end. Trauma patients unable to reach the enteral nutrition target within one week were often combined with abdominal infection, peritonitis, bowel resection, intestinal necrosis, intestinal fistula, or septic shock.Conclusion:Early enteral nutrition for trauma patients in the ICU is correlated with less wound infection, lower mortality, and shorter hospital stay.

简介：BasedonthepreviousstudyoncultivationnutritionofCunninghamialanceolataplantationsoffirstgeneration,thecultivationnutritionofC.lanceolataplantationswithmulti-generationwasstudied.Theresultsshowthattherearesignificantdifferencesinthegrowth,developmentandnutrientassimilationamongC.lanceolataplantationswithdifferentgenerationsandnutritionconditions.ThesedifferencesarecloselyrelatedtothelandfertilitydeclineofC.lanceolataplantations.Thispaperde...

简介：AbstractPancreatic surgery contains several major procedures of pancreatectomy. Surgical trauma, severe complications and preoperative nutritional disorders will affect postoperative recovery and clinical outcomes of patients. Perioperative whole-course nutrition management focus on rational nutritional care from admission to discharge even post-hospital follow-up, including preoperative nutritional screening, perioperative nutrition assessment and intervention. The whole-course strategy has been validated in some other fields by RCTs and is also seemed to be suitable for pancreatic surgery. However, few high-grade evidences have been published and controversy still exists. This review aims to reflect the current situation, consensus and controversy of perioperative nutrition management in pancreatic surgery, expecting to provide necessary guidance for clinical research and practice.

简介：AbstractBackground:Feeding intolerance (FI) among intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing early continuous enteral nutrition (EN) is related to poor outcomes. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of FI in ICU patients.Methods:We retrospectively enrolled 1057 patients who received early continuous EN via a nasogastric tube between January 2014 and August 2019. The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was calculated, and the risk factors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:The prevalence of FI during the first 7 days of ICU stay was 10.95%. FI occurred in 159 of 1057 (15.04%) patients on ICU day 2, 114 of 977 (11.67%) patients on ICU day 3, and 86 of 715 (12.03%) patients on ICU day 7. Mechanical ventilation (MV) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.928, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–3.493, P = 0.03) was an independent risk factor for FI defined by a gastric residual volume (GRV) of 200 mL and/or vomiting, and acute renal failure (OR: 3.445, 95% CI: 1.115–10.707, P = 0.032) was an independent risk factor of FI defined by a GRV of 500 mL and/or vomiting. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was an independent predictor regardless of the FI defined by a GRV of 200 mL (OR: 2.064, 95% CI: 1.233–3.456, P = 0.006) or 500 mL (OR: 6.199, 95% CI: 2.108–18.228, P = 0.001) in the ICU patients.Conclusions:FI occurs frequently in early ICU days, especially in patients receiving MV and CRRT. However, further investigation of a consensus definition of FI and risk factors is still warranted in future studies.

简介：AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders have become an epidemic globally. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unclear and the prevention and treatment are still limited. In addition to environmental factors during adulthood, early life is the critical developmental window with high tissue plasticity, which might be modified by external environmental cues. Substantial evidence has demonstrated the vital role of early-life nutrition in programming the metabolic disorders in later life. In this review, we aim to overview the concepts of fetal programming and investigate the effects of early-life nutrition on energy metabolism in later life and the potential epigenetic mechanism. The related studies published on PubMed database up to March 2020 were included. The results showed that both maternal overnutrition and undernutrition increased the riskes of metabolic disorders in offspring and epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, miRNAs, and histone modification, might be the vital mediators. The beneficial effects of early-life lifestyle modifications as well as dietary and nutritional interventions on these deleterious metabolic remolding were initially observed. Overall, characterizing the early-life malnutrition that reshapes metabolic disease trajectories may yield novel targets for early prevention and intervention and provide a new point of view to the energy metabolism.

简介：植物质量能直接并且间接地影响第三营养的水平。由绿草蜻蛉的所有中间形态的predation，Chrysoperlacarnea(S.)(Neuroptera：Chrysopidae)在谷物蚜虫，Rhopalosiphumpadi(L.)，和在改变氮化肥的Sitobionavenae(F.)上，层次在实验室条件下面被计算。小麦植物在四个氮化肥层次上被种，蚜虫在这些植物上被喂并且随后作为食物出现了到C。carnea。10，30，和90的蚜虫密度被提供给绿草蜻蛉的第一，第二，和第三个中间形态幼虫。增加的氮申请改进了植物并且也的氮内容在他们上喂的谷物蚜虫的身体重量。由绿草蜻蛉的蚜虫消费随蚜虫的主人植物的氮内容的增加被减少。由C的第一，第二，和第三个中间形态幼虫的蚜虫种类的Predation。carnea在与授精的最低的率在植物上饲养的蚜虫上是最高的，建议补偿消费克服减少的生物资源(更低的蚜虫尺寸)。全部的生物资源由C吞食了。所有氮化肥处理上的carnea不是统计上不同的。另外，植物营养影响的更重的主人猎物在绿草蜻蛉的生活历史特征上有效果。当在S上喂了时，幼虫的持续时间，蛹的重量，蛹的持续时间，肥沃，和男、女的长寿被氮授精的水平显著地影响到蚜虫的主人植物，除了蛹的持续时间。avenae。这研究证明供应到幼虫的猎物的那数量影响猎物消费并且此后绿草蜻蛉的生活历史特征。

简介：煮并且谷物的营养质量是米饭质量的二个最重要的方面。为了在与不同的氮联合在圆锥花序在米饭圆锥花序，胶化一致性(GC)的分布，直链淀粉内容(交流)和谷物的粗蛋白内容(CPC)以内在不同位置在谷物之中煮和营养质量理解差别，铺平(0，120和240kg/ha)被使用二个米饭变化，Yangdao6(indica)和Wuyujing3Qaponica调查)。一般来说，在圆锥花序的基础部分的谷物在圆锥花序的上面或中间的部分比那些有更低的GC和更高的交流。有更早的开花的第二等的分支上的第一谷物展出了最高的GC，而有以后的开花的主要分支上的第二谷物显示出最高的交流。为Yangdao6，在主要分支上的谷物的CPC比在圆锥花序的上面或基础的部分在圆锥花序的中间的部分是更低的。为Wuyujing3，在在在圆锥花序的上面、中间、基础的部分之中的谷物的CPC没有重要差别。而交流从零氮应用被减少，在谷物的GC被增加(在上)到氮的低数量，申请(行)，和结果从行被颠倒到氮申请(胜利)的中等数量。CPC随氮申请的数量的增加被增加。

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简介：AbstractThe clinical outcomes of adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) remain unclear. Furthermore, no report has compared the characteristics of ARFID and restricting-type anorexia nervosa (R-AN) in elementary-school students on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). This study retrospectively reviewed inpatients diagnosed with ARFID or R-AN between 2005 and 2019. Patients with ARFID (two boys and seven girls) and R-AN (13 girls) were hospitalized because of rapid physical deterioration, and nutrition therapy was continued without withdrawal. The ARFID group exhibited significantly lower body weights at admission than the R-AN group and gained an average of 6.5 kg during hospitalization; furthermore, the monthly weight gain during hospitalization was significantly higher, and no relapse was observed. Early physical improvement in ARFID resulted in good recovery. In conclusion, TPN can be easily introduced to patients with ARFID, in whom aversive eating is a concern, and is a suitable treatment for ARFID.

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectofearlyenteralnutrition(EN)onpostoperativenutritionalstatus,intestinalpermeability,andimmunefunctioninelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer.Methods:Atotalof96patientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancerwhounderwentsurgicaltreatmentinourhospitalfromJune2007toDecember2010wereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintoENgroup(n=50)andparenteralnutrition(PN)group(n=46)basedonthenutritionsupportmodes.Thebodyweight,timetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,complicationsandmortalityafterthesurgeryaswellastheliverfunctionindicatorswererecordedandanalyzed.Peripheralbloodsampleswerecollectedonthedays1,4and7aftersurgery.Theplasmadiamineoxidase(DAO)activityandD-lactatelevelweredeterminedtoassesstheintestinalpermeability.TheplasmaendotoxinlevelsweredeterminedusingdynamicturbidimetricassaytoassesstheprotectiveeffectofENonintestinalmucosalbarrier.Thepostoperativebloodlevelsofinflammatorycytokinesandimmunoglobulinsweredeterminedusingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA).Results:Afterthesurgery,thetimetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,andcomplicationsweresignificantlylessintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(P<0.05),whereastheENgrouphadsignificantlyhigheralbuminlevelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05).Onthe7thpostoperativeday,theDAOactivity,D-lactatelevelandendotoxincontentsweresignificantlylowerintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(allP<0.05).Inaddition,theENgrouphadsignificantlyhigherIgA,IgG,IgM,andCD4levelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05)butsignificantlylowerIL-2,IL-6,andTNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Conclusions:Inelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer,earlyENaftersurgerycaneffectivelyimprovethenutritionalstatus,protectintestinalmucosalbarrier(byreducingplasmaendoxins),andenhancetheimmunefunction

简介：忍冬confusa，为治疗感冒的繁体中文药植物，流感，等等，急性发烧经常在酸的土壤人工地被种并且受不了磷(P)缺乏。一个五年的地实验被执行学习殖民率，生长，营养，和与arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)接种的忍冬confusa幼苗满意的chlorogenic酸真菌，血管球etunicatum和血管球intraradices。在移植进一个领域前，接种AM并且uninoculated控制植物在托儿所床上是有教养的。在与AM真菌接种的植物，殖民率与时间线性地减少了，更大的减少在与G接种的植物被观察。intraradices比与G。etunicatum，当AM殖民在uninoculated从0%～12.1%增加了时，控制在移植以后种5年。植物高度，王冠直径，新分支的数字，和花产量作为与uninoculated控制相比由AM接种显著地增加了。在增加的叶子和花的磷集中，和营养素的植物举起，例如，氮(N)，P，和钾(K)，被AM也显著地提高接种。忍冬confusa幼苗有更好的回答到G的接种。intraradices比G。在生长的etunicatum和在花的chlorogenic酸内容。相反，两个都在叶子和花种P举起和P集中在二真菌的接种之间是类似的。到在生长，滋养的举起，flowering，和在花的chlorogenic酸内容的AM接种的忍冬confusa的积极回答建议当在酸、P缺乏的土壤上成长时，在托儿所床上的那AM接种能在忍冬confusa的花支持植物生长和增加chlorogenic酸内容。