简介：TheEuropeanMonetaryUnion(EMU)appearedunprecedentedlyontheworldsceneas12Europeancountriesvoluntarilygaveuppartoftheirsovereigntytocreatearegionalmonetarysystem.TheintroductionofeurocurrencyisundoubtedlyacrucialsteptowardfurtherEuropeanintegration.

简介：Thisarticleconsidersthreatstoaprojectslippingonbudget,scheduleandfit-for-purpose.Threatisusedhereasthecollectiveforrisks(quantifiablebadthingsthatcanhappen)anduncertainties(poorlyornotquantifiablebadpossibleevents).Basedonexperiencewithprojectsindevelopingcountriesthisreviewconsidersthat(a)projectslippageisduetouncertaintiesratherthanrisks,(b)whileeventuationofsomebadthingsisbeyondcontrol,managedexecutionandoversightarestiltheprimarymeanstokeepingwithinbudget,ontimeandfit-for-purpose,(c)improvingprojectdeliveryislessaboutbiggerandmorecomplexandmoreaboutcoordinatedfocus,effectivenessanddevelopingthought-outheuristics,and(d)projectstakelongerandcostmorepartlybecausethreatidentificationisinaccurate,thescopeofidentifiedthreatsistoonarrow,andthethreatassessmentproductisnotintegratedintooverallprojectdecision-makingandexecution.Almostbydefinition,whatispoorlyknownislikelytocauseproblems.Yetitisnotjusttheunquantifiabilityandintangibilityofuncertaintiescausingprojectslippage,butthattheyareinsufficientlytakenintoaccountinprojectplanningandexecutionthatcausebudgetandtimeoverruns.Improvingprojectperformancerequirespurpose-drivenandmanageddeploymentofscarceseasonedprofessionals.Thiscanbeaidedwithindependentoversightbydeeplyexperiencedpanelistswhocontributetechnicalinsightsandcanpotentiallyshowthatdiligenceisseentobedone.

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简介：Chineseenterprisesdoingbusinessabroadhavetodealwithmanynon-commercialrisks-forexamplethosestemmingfrompoliticalandcriminalviolence.Thereasonissimple:weliveinanunsettledworldwherethedangerofwarorconflictisaconstantthreat.FewcountriesareassafeasChina.

简介：你喜欢冒险吗?你参加过类似的活动吗?感受过它的刺激所给你带来的快乐吗?为什么都是年轻人更喜欢体验这种游戏呢?下面这篇文章会告诉你——

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简介：ThispaperconductsanempiricalresearchonthesystemrisksoftheShenzhenStockMarketusingCapitalAssetPricingModel.ThetypicalcompositionstocksonShenzhenStockMarketin1998aretakenassamples.

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简介：Corecompetitivenessisthesourceofcompetitiveadvantagesaswellastheguaranteeofvaluegrowthoftheenterprise.Thispaperdiscussesthecauseoftherisksofthecorecompetitivenessofenterprisesandthewestenterprise,introducesanalyticalmethodsoftherisksofthecorecompetitivenessandmeasuresguardagainsttherisksofthecorecompetitiveness.

简介：Thispaperdealswiththeissueofprioritysettinginhealthcareunderuncertaintiesabouttheseverityoftheillnessandtheeffectivenessofmedicaltreatment.Weexaminetheeffectofadiseaseuncertainty(atreatmentuncertainty)ontheallocationofhealthcareresourcesinthepresenceofatreatmentrisk(adiseaserisk)andidentifypreferenceconditionsunderwhichthesocialplannerallocatesmoreresourcestohigherriskpopulation.Weallowforthesimultaneouspresenceoftworisksandinvestigatethejointeffectoftwo-sourceuncertaintiesonhealthcareallocationwhenthetworisksareeithersmallorpositivelyquadrantdependent.Theeffectofinequalityaversiononhealthcareallocationisalsoanalyzedbyintroducinganequityweightingfunction.Ourworkextendsthepreviousmodelofhealthcareprioritytotwo-riskframeworkandprovidesnewinsightsintotheproblemofhealthcaredecisionmakingunderuncertainty.

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