简介:部分地,聪明切割的过程,缺陷由尺寸描绘了的结合的效果和在切开前后的内部压力上的2纸被使用破裂力学模型学习。有大尺寸的结合的缺陷是容易的引起缺点生长的严重偏差,这被发现,当切开时,导致薄层的一个非转移的区域。在结合的缺陷的内部压力是很小的一个实际聪明切割的过程,大界面的缺点总是在切开的过程支持缺点生长。同时,增加结合的缺陷的内部压力减少在切开前的缺点生长和它的偏差。stiffener限制的松驰的机制被建议澄清结合的缺陷的效果。而且,当结合的缺陷是在场的时,切开的过程的进步被分析。在切开以后,有大尺寸和高内部的压力的那些结合的缺陷在高温度的退火期间为薄电影的blistering是脆弱的。
简介:Extractingrare-earthelementsfromcoalcouldsoonbeeconomicalinU.S.ExtractedfromthereportofUNIVERSITYPARK,Pa.TheU.S.couldsoondecreaseitsdependenceonimportingvaluablerare-earthelements,accordingtoateamofPennStateandU.S.DepartmentofEnergyresearcherswhofoundacost-effectiveandenvironmentallyfriendlywaytoextractthesemetalsfromcoalbyproducts.UsingbyproductsofcoalproductionfromtheNorthernAppalachianregionoftheU.S.,theteaminvestigatedwhetherachemicalprocesscalledionexchangecouldextractREEsinasafermannerthanotherextractionmethods.Resultsshowthationexchangeismoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandrequiresless
简介:HighqualitynaturalmeteoriticmagnetsuccessfullyproducedinashorttimeSource:websiteofTohokuUniversityResearchersfromTohokuUniversityinJapanhavesucceededinproducingacompletelyrare-earthfreehigh-qualityFeNimagnet.Theteam,ledbyProfessorAkihiroMakinoasprincipalinvestigatorissupportedbyaMEXT(MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,Japan)projectentitled,"Ultra-low