简介：Inthispaper,aquantummodelforthebinomialmarketinfinanceisproposed.Weshowthatitsrisk-neutralworldexhibitsanintriguingstructureasadiskintheunitballofR^3,whoseradiusisafunctionoftherisk-freeinterestratewithtwothresholdswhichpreventarbitrageopportunitiesfromthisquantummarket.Furthermore,fromthequantummechanicalpointofviewwere-deducetheCox-Ross-RubinsteinbinomialoptionpricingformulabyconsideringMaxwell-BoltzmannstatisticsofthesystemofNdistinguishableparticles.

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简介：<正>ThispaperprovidesapolyhedraltheoryongraphsfromwhichthecriteriaofWhit-neyandMacLanefortheplanarityofgraphsareunified,andabriefproofoftheGausscrossingconjectureisobtained.

简介：ispaperestablishesaformalmodelforhybriddiagnosis,novelfeaturesincluding:(1)Itprovidesaunifiedtheoreticalframeworkforutilizingdevicemodelsandheuristicsindiagnosis,whichnaturallyintegratesalltheimportantcomponentsofdiagnosis-thestructuralandbehavioraldescriptionofdevices,faultmodes,thelowerandupperfaultbounds,faultpossibilitiesandheuristicrules-intoadiagnosticsystem.Devicemodelspredictoutputsfrominputs,heuristicrulesinferthepossibilitiesofcertaincomponentsbeingfaultyfromsymptons,andyetthecombinationofbothconstrainseachotherforustoreducethehypothesisspace.(2)Itpresentsatypicalwayofmodelingbehaviorofdevices,towhichthekeyistheintroductionofI-Ofunctionswithindefiniteinputs/outputs.(3)Itcaneasilybeimplementedoveraforware-chaininginferenceengine.

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简介：Basedontheequilibriumtidetheoryoftheseawater,amodeloflongperiodvariationsinairpressurewiththelunarmotionisderivedtoadvancetheclimatictideconceptandformulatetheclimatictideformula,whichprovidesusefulleadsforpredictingtheheavymeteorologicalcatastropheinShandongarea,eveninChina,aswellasinthewholeworld.

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简介：Inrecentyears,numeroustextualstudieshaveappeared.However,themajorityofthemconcentratedonthestudyofcohesionandcoherenceofsentences.VanDijk(1977,1980),Hollandfamouslinguist,putforward"Macrostructures"whichprovideuswithatheoreticalbasistostudymacrostructureoftexts.ThepaperaimstointroduceitinverydetailandmakeitknowntoalltheEnglishlearners.

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简介：Inthenormal-modetheoryofMorse,itgivesaseriesofnormalmodesasthesolutionofforcedvibrationinaroom.Butactuallythereisalwaysthedirectradiationbesidesthenormalmodeswhichrepresentthereverbrantsoundfieldonly.Thereasonisthatthenormalmodeswereassumedonlyinthesource,andnaturallynormalmodesonlyareobtainedinthesolution.Atheoryofdoublesourceisproposed,thatthesoundsourceisboththesourceofthedirectradiationasifinfreespacebeforetheboundarysurfaceswerereachedbythedirectradiation,andafterthefirstreflectionfromtheboundarysurfaces,thesourceofthereflectedwavelets,randomlydistributedbothinspaceanintimeontheboundarysurfacesthatbuildupthenormalmodesafterfurtherreflections.Thewaveequationisformedaccordingly,andthesolutionofthewaveequation,thesoundfieldinaroom,containsexplicitlyboththedirectradiationandthereverberantsoundformedofnormalmodes.Theapproximatemeansquaresoundpressureisfoundtobethedircetsounddeterminedbythesoundpowerofthesource,andreverberantsounddeterminedbythesoundpowerreducedbyafactorofπ/2,differentslightlyfromtheresultobtainedfromenergyconsideration,ifthesourceispuretone.Thereisessentiallynodifferenceforasourceofbandnoise.

简介：Anewformofdamagetheoryofmaterialsisproposed,thatisvalidforthecaseofnonconservativestresses.Thepartialentropy,strainandmicrostructureparametersaretakenasthestatevariables.Withoutassumingthefreeenergytobeastatefunction,thebasicgoverningequationsarederived.Accordingtothebalanceofreleasedanddissipatedenergy,thegeneralformofdamageevolutionequationisobtained.Further,assumingtheexistenceofindependentdamagemechanisms,thenormalityofdamageevolutionequationisproven.Thegeneralizeddamagevariablesaredis-cussed.Finally,someexamplesaregiventoshowtheapplicationsofthetheory.

简介：Inthispaper,weproposetheconceptofcohomologicaloperator.Concretely,wesuggestthecohomologicaldifferentialoperator,correlativecohomologicaldifferentialoperatorandextensivecohomologicaldifferentialoperatorandbringcovariantderivativeintotheextensivecohomologicaldifferentialoperator,WeconstructonetypeofnonlineardifferentialequationsbyextensivecohomologicaldifferentialoperatorandcomparetheobtainedresaleswiththeYang-Millsequation.

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简介：Inthispaper,severalusuallyusedpolynomialinterpolationmethodsareexplainedinviewofvectorbasisanddimensioninlinearalgebratheory.Usingtransitionmatrixes,generalconversionformulabetweenthebasisfunctionsetsofthesepolynomialinterpolationmethodsaregiven.Anexamplealsoshowstheeffectivenessoftheresults.

简介：Thisarticleputsforwarda'unifiedfieldtheory'forinternationalrelations(IR).ItfirstdividescurrentwesternIRtheoriesintohardandsoftcategories,thenpointsoutconceptualfallaciesofthethreemajordebatesinthehistoryofWesternIRtheoriesbyusingthiscategorizationasananalyticalguide.ItfurtherassertsthatsuchacategorizationshouldhelpclarifythepresenttheoreticalchaosbypursuingaunifiedIRtheoreticalsystem.

简介：InthispapersomeequivalencedefinitionsaregivenfornativespaceswhichwereintroducedbyMadychandNelsonandhavebecomeinfluentialinthetheoryofradialbasisfunctions.Theabstractelementsinnativespacesareinterpreted.Moreover,WeinrichandIske'stheoriesareunified.

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简介：我们计算在光滑的度量标准的情况下在FJRW理论定义的真实Cauchy-Riemann操作员的索引。为圆柱的度量标准，我们在加权的Sobolev空格学习在Witten地图和重量的线性化的操作符的索引之间的关系。