简介：Allometricscalingrelationsforhowbranchingtubesdeliverfluidareoftenbasedontheassumptionofisothermalconditionswhicharenotalwaysfulfilled.Thisworkreportsonthesizesofbranchingtubesforfluidflowsubjectedtoconstantwallheatflux.Itexploreshowthedeliveryoffluidandheatinfluencestheoptimalsizeofatubeandtheoptimalconfigurationofbranchingtubesforbothlaminarandturbulentflow.Besides,itpresentsananalyticalbasisforevaluationofoptimalsizeoftubesthatminimisethepowerlossassociatedwiththepumpingpowerandtheheattransfer.Thefindingsobtainedinthisstudymayhaveimportantimplicationsfordesignofsystemswithminimumthermodynamiclosses.

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简介：Thermodynamicsisabranchofphysicswhichdealswiththeenergyflowintosystems.Therearetwoprincipallawsofthermodynamicswhicharedescribedonseparateslides.Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsrelatestothetransferofvariousformsofenergy,asheat,electric,magneticandchemicalenergiestoproducemechanicalwork.Thislawissometimestakenasthedefinitionofinternalenergy,andintroducesanadditionalstatevariable,enthalpy.Thefirstlawofthermodynamicsallowsformanypossiblestatesofasystemtoexist.Butexperienceindicatesthatthereisonlyonedirectionfornaturalprocessestoproceed.Thisleadstothesecondlawofthermodynamicsandthedefinitionofanotherstatevariablecalledentropy.Thesecondlawstipulatesthatthetotalentropyofasystemplusitsenvironmentcannotdecrease;itcanremainconstantforareversibleprocessbutmustalwaysincreaseforirreversibleornaturalprocesses.However,thelimitednumberofauthorsisconcernedbysystemsthatinvolvethetransferofelectricandmagneticenergiesinadditiontotheflowofheatinstudyingageneralthermodynamicsystem.Thesubmittedreviewfollowsanentropyapproachthatintroducescleardefinitionsoftheelectricchargeandmagneticfluxtoclarifyambiguitiesofthenaturesofsuchfluxesinliterature.So,thefirstandsecondlawsofthermodynamicsareappliedonthermo-electromagneticprocessesthatembracetheflowofmechanical,thermal,electric,andmagneticenergiesintosystemsthatinvolvefluidsorsolids.Accordingly,itwaspossibletomodifyredundanciesintheSIsystemofunits.Followingtheentropyapproach,itwaspossibletocasttheMaxwell’sequationsintoanenergyframeofreferencetoexplainthediscoveredTesla’swirelesspowertransmissionas“ElectricalRadiantEnergy”,andtheMITdiscoveryofwirelesspowertransmissionofthemagneticfluxas“EvanescentWaves”andtoclarifyfuzzinessofthedualityconfusionbyspecifyingauniquepropertyfortheelectronasaparticleandaun

简介：在在精力的反应关上到库仑障碍的multinucleon转移的主要进步被考察。在试验性的进步和理论进步的一个短演讲以后，为未知充满中子的重原子核和trans铀原子核的预言的生产十字节被介绍。

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简介：Weconductedatransientexperimentalinvestigationofsteam–waterdirectcontactcondensationintheabsenceofnoncondensiblegasinalaboratory-scalecolumnwiththeinnerdiameterof325mmandtheheightof1045mm.Weappliedanewanalysismethodforthesteamstateequationtoanalyzethemolarquantitychangeinsteamoverthecourseoftheexperimentanddeterminedthetransientsteamvariation.Wealsoinvestigatedtheinfluenceofflowratesandtemperaturesofcoolingwaterontheefficiencyofsteamcondensation.Ourexperimentalresultsshowthatappropriateincreasingofthecoolingwaterflowratecansignificantlyacceleratethesteamcondensation.Weachievedarapidincreaseinthetotalvolumetricheattransfercoefficientbyincreasingtheflowrateofcoolingwater,whichindicatedahigherthermalconvectionbetweenthesteamandthecoolingwaterwithhigherflowrates.Wefoundthatthetemperatureofcoolingwaterdidnotplayanimportantroleonsteamcondensation.Thismethodwasconfirmedtobeeffectiveforrapidrecoveringofsteam.

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简介：这研究通过数字模拟在一个圆形的热exchanger试管调查了热转移和一个种swirl发电机的流动特征。这类swirl发电机导致的swirl流动能与最小的压力落下惩罚获得高热转移率。模拟被执行理解这种mesoscale热改进部件的物理行为。由设想热转移和流动特征，swirl流动被导致由，这被发现打漩在圆形的试管的生成器结合侵犯的喷气效果。在通过swirl生成器以后，液体的本地磨擦因素能快速更快速回到底层，当本地Nusselt数字为距离维持更高的值时；因此，本地性能的评估标准被改进。单个因素的优化被用于三个几何参数，即，角度打漩生成器(25o，45o，和60o)，长度打漩发电机(0.005，0.01，和0.02?m)，并且中心杆半径(1，2，并且3?公里)。为在一个圆形的试管的空气的laminar流动的swirl生成器的最佳参数被获得，它应该是60o，0.005?m，并且3?公里分别地。

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