简介:Thisarticlediscussestheadequatetreatmentofearlygallbladdercancer(T1a,T1b)andisbasedonpublishedstudiesextendingovernearly3decades.Randomizedstudiesandmetaanalysescomparingdifferentsurgicaltreatmentsdonotexist.Theliteratureshowsthatinupto20%ofpatientslymphnodemetastasisarefoundinT1bgallbladdercancer.Duetohighmalignancywithearlyangiolymphaticspreadandresistancetochemotherapyandradiationontheonehand,andtherelativelowoperativeriskofextendedcholecystectomy(cholecystectomyandregionallymphadenectomy)ontheotherhand,webelievethatthisprocedureismandatoryinearlygallbladdercancer.
简介:AccumulatingevidencehasdemonstratedthatregulatoryT(Treg)cellsplayanimportantroleinthemaintenanceofimmunologicself-toleranceandindown-regulatingvariousimmuneresponses.Thus,therehasrecentlybeenanincreasinginterestinstudyingthebiologyofTregcellsaswellastheirpotentialapplicationintreatingimmunediseases.ManytypesofTregcellsubsetshavebeenreportedinavarietyofdiseasemodels.Amongthesesubsets,αβ-TCR+CD3+CD4-CD8-doublenegative(DN)TregcellsaredefinedbytheircapabilityofinhibitingimmuneresponsesviadirectlykillingeffectorTcellsinanantigenspecificfashion.Furthermore,DNTregcellshavebeenshowntodevelopregulatoryactivityafterencounteringspecificantigens,partiallymediatedbytheacquisitionofMHC-peptidecomplexesfromantigenpresentingcells(APCs).ThepresentationofacquiredalloantigensonDNTcellsallowsforthespecificinteractionbetweenDNTregcellsandalloantigenreactiveeffectorTcells.OncetheDNTregandtargetcellshavecomeintocontact,killingisthenmediatedbyFas/Fas-ligandinteractions,andperhapsthroughotherunidentifiedpathways.Furthercharacterizationofthefunctions,molecularexpressionandmechanismsofactivationofDNTregcellswillhelpinthedevelopmentofnoveltherapiestoinduceantigenspecifictolerancetoselfandforeignantigens.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2004;1(5):328-335.
简介:目的探讨3.0TMR心肌灌注成像(MRmyocardialperfusionimagingMRMPI)检查技术应用及方法。方法对25例冠脉CTA确诊的冠心病患者行MR首过心肌灌注、延迟增强成像,经两位高年资医师以双盲法对图像质量进行评价分析。结果21例图像质量达到诊断要求,21例受检者狭窄度≥50%的冠脉共34支中,29支显示首过灌注减低,9支显示延迟增强,其中心肌透壁增强4例,非透壁增强5例。4例图像质量不能达到诊断要求。结论在控制好受检者心率及呼吸,掌控好技术要点的情况下,MR心肌灌注成像完全可以得到符合诊断要求的图像,有效评价心肌缺血情况及程度,为冠心病的临床诊断及合理治疗提供可靠的依据。
简介:目的分析心向量图T环形态改变,探讨T环改变对冠心病的诊断价值。方法对心电图ST-T正常的45例冠心病(A组)与45例健康者(B组)做VCG检查,分析额面(F面)、右侧面(SR面)、横面(H面)T环形态改变。将T环形态改变分为8种类型,仅1种改变为单纯型,2种或2种以上改变为复合型。结果A组9例呈单纯型,36例呈复合型。其中T环运转相反(46.7%)、T环长/宽值缩小(33.3%)、QRS/T值增大(33.3%)、T环振幅过大(17.8%)、QRS-T夹角增大、畸形T环(11.1%)呈单纯型与复合型2种形式;T环双支对称(17.8%)、线型T环(15.6%)仅呈复合型。B组有8例呈单纯型T环改变,余37例T环形态正常。其中QRS/T值增大(2.2%)、T环振幅过大(6.7%)、QRS-T夹角增大(8.9%)与A组差异分别为P<0.01、P>0.05、P>0.05。后2种虽然与冠心病组差异不显著,但属正常变异。B组其它类型改变均无。P<0.01。结论心向量图T环形态改变对冠心病正常心电图患者心肌缺血的诊断有重要价值。
简介:内容摘要随着探测技术的飞速发展,隐身性能成为武器装备的一项关键技术指标。对于各种隐身手段来说,隐身涂料是目前用得最多、最有效的隐身技术手段之一。隐身涂料在现代隐身技术中具有广阔的发展和应用前景。隐身涂料的涂装技术尤为重要。
简介:摘要目的分析肝病患者T淋巴细胞亚群、IL-10、IL-12与临床表现间的关系。方法以我院2015年1月至2016年1月接诊的70例慢性乙肝病毒性患者为研究对象(实验组),使用双抗体夹心ELISA法与抗体致敏的红细胞花环实验法,对70例患者T淋巴细胞亚群、IL-10、IL-12实施平行检测,同时与30位正常人血清进行对比(对照组)。结果类型不同的慢性肝病患者CD4、CD4/CD8显著低于对照组,而CD8要显著高于对照组;慢性肝炎组IL-10、IL-12显著高于对照组;慢性HBeAg阳性肝炎患者CD4、CD4/CD8,以及IL-12显著低于HBeAg阴性患者。讨论慢性乙肝病毒性肝病患者免疫细胞能力较差,免疫调整能力差,而IL-10、IL-12及T淋巴细胞群变化同患者HBV携带程度和复制情况有关。
简介:TheaimofthisstudyistofindtheexperimentalevidencethattheprecursorfrequencyofalloreactiveCTLsisproportionaltothenumberoftheT-cellepitopespecificities.ThenumberofT-cellepitopespecificitieswasmanipulatedbypulsingdifferentnumberofHLA-A2restrictedpeptide(s)ontotheT2cells,whichactedasstimulatingcellstoelicitallo-reactionbyco-culturingwithperipheralbloodlymphocytes(PBLs)ofHLA-A2negativeindividual.TenHLA-A2restrictedpeptides(allwerenormalcellcomponents)weresynthesized,andcellpeptideextractwaspreparedbyfrozenandthawed.T2cellsloadedwithdifferentnumberofpeptide(s)wereco-culturedwithPBLsofanHLA-A2negativeindividual;thelatterwerestainedwithPKH67inadvance.Thentheproliferationwasmonitoredwithflowcytometry,andtheprecursorfrequencyoftheeffectorcellswasanalyzedbytheModFitSoftware.After6dofculture,noproliferationwasobservedinthebulkcultureofPBLalone,andobviousproliferationtookplacewhenPBLsoftheHLA-A2negativewereco-culturedwithT2cellsloadedwithorwithoutloadingpeptide(s).TheprecursorfrequencyofthealloreactiveCTLswas0.052819forco-culturewithT2cellsloadedwithoutpeptide;howeveritwas0.030429forT2cellswithEBV/LMP2Aand0.030528forT2cellsloadedwithasingleautogeneicpeptide,andincreasedupto0.144942forT2cellsloadedwith10autogeneicpeptides;theprecursorfrequencywas0.203649whenco-culturedwithT2cellsloadedwithmiscellaneouspeptidesextractedfromthecytoplasmofT2cells.ThisstudyrevealsthattheprecursorfrequencyofalloreactiveCTLsisproportionaltothenumberofT-cellepitopespecificities,andindependentofthedensityoftheallogeneicHLAClassⅠmolecule.OurfindingssupportthehypothesisthatthealloreactiveTcellpopulationscomprisemiscellaneousTcellclones;eachisspecifictocorrespondingpMHC.ThenovelconstellationofpeptidespresentedbyallogeneicMHCmoleculesmakesthous
简介:Tostudytheroleofnaturalkiller(NK)cellsinTcellrecruitmentinmurineliverinfectedwithvirus,micewereintravenouslyinjecteddailywithanti-NK1.1^+antibodytodepleteNKcells.Lymphocytesinthelivertissueofmiceinfectedwithtype5adenovirusdepletedintheE1andE3regionswereassessedbyfluorometricactivatedcellsorting(FACS).Ex-pressionofchemokineIP-10anditsreceptorCXCR3mRNAintheliver,hepaticlymphocytesandspleentissuewereexaminedbyreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR).Serumalmfineaminotransferase(ALT)wasmeasuredasanindicatorofliverinjury.Itwasfoundthatinfectionofadenovimsandanfi-Fasmonoclonalantibody(mAb)intomicecausedliverinjuryandhighexpressionofinterfemn-γinducibleprotein-10(IP-10)mRNAintheliver.Anfi-NK1.1^+mAb,whichwasintraperitoneallyinjectedintothemiceinfectedwithadenovirus,suppressesTcellrecruitmentandexpressionofIP-10mRNAinthehver.Slighterhverinjurywasalsoobserved.Afterviresinfection,expressionofCXCR3mRNAinspleenandhvertissuewasobservedatdifferenttime.TheresultssuggestedthatTcellrecruitmentwasinitiatedbyNKcelldependentchemokineIP-10,whichinducedactivatedTcellspriminginthespleentothehverofthemouse.NKcellsplayedakeyroleinTcellrecruitmentintheliverofmouseinfectedwithadenovims.