简介:Asimpleapproachforthecondensationofbenzaldehydewithethyleneglycolwasadoptedwithoutemployinganycatalyst.Thestudyrevealsthatfactorsincludingtemperature,molarratioofreactants,andthewaterremovalsignificantlyinfluencetheconversionratioofbenzaldehyde.Theresultsindicatethattheuseofoptimalreactionconditionssuchastemperatureandwaterremovingexhibitsmorepronouncedeffectsontheconversionratioofbenzaldehydecomparedwiththeuseofcatalysts.Inaword,agreenandsimplemethodforthecondensationofaldehydeandmenthandiolhasbeendevisedandinvestigated.
简介:Theabsenceofnetworkinfrastructureandopportunisticspectrumaccessincognitiveradioadhocnetworks(CRAHNs)resultsinconnectivityandstabilityproblems.Clusteringisknownasaneffectivetechniquetoovercomethisproblem.Clusteringimprovesnetworkperformancebyimplementingalogicalnetworkbackbone.Therefore,howtoefficientlyconstructthisbackboneamongCRAHNsisofinterest.Inthispaper,weproposeanewclusteringalgorithmforCRAHNs.Moreover,wemodelanovelclusterheadselectionfunctionbasedonthechannelheterogeneityintermoftransmissionranges.Tothebestofourknowledge,thisisthefirstattempttomodelthechannelheterogeneityintotheclusteringformationincognitiveradionetworks.Simulationresultsshowthattheperformanceofclusteringissignificantlyimprovedbythechannelheterogeneityconsiderations.
简介:Anintracavityfrequency-doubledverticalexternalcavitysurfaceemittinglaser(VECSEL)withgreenlightisdemonstrated.ThefundamentalfrequencylasercavityconsistsofadistributedBraggreflector(DBR)ofthegainchipandanexternalmirror.A12-mWfrequency-doubledoutputhasbeenreachedat540nmwithanonlinearcrystalLBOwhenthefundamentalfrequencyoutputis44mWat1080nm.Thefrequencydoublingefficiencyisabout30%.
简介:Parameterestimationofsignalsofuniversalsoftwareradioperipheral(USRP)devicesiscrucialtosolvetheproblemofphaseoffsetsofreceivedsignalsindistributedbeamforming.Forsystemsthatwillutilizetheclosedloopfeedbackalgorithmwherethereceiverneedstosendthereceivedsignalstrength(RSS)valuesperiodicallytothebeamformingnodesoastotakeadvantageofenergyconservation,thefrequencyandphaseofthesesignalsshouldbeestimatedbeforesmootheningbynonlinearfilters.ThisarticlepresentstheestimationofthefrequencyoffsetsofaGaussianminimumshiftkeying(GMSK)signalfromN210USRPdevicesinrealtimebyusingtheRadix-2fastFouriertransform(FFT)algorithminGNURadio.Forthesegreencommunicationsdevices,mostoftheneededhardwarepartshavebeensoftwaredefined,therebyreducingthesupposedenergyconsumption.Thefrequencyoffsetsfromreferencecarrierfrequenciesof900MHzand2.4GHzarelessthan3kHzeachbeforetheestimation,buttheaverageoffsetsare45Hzand100Hzaftertheestimation,respectively.Thehighoffsetvalueexperiencedwiththe2.4GHzcarrierwasduetoconsistentinterferencefromdevicesonthatsamefrequency.
简介:FluorescencequenchingofjanusgreenB(JGB)insodiumdodecylsulfate(SDS)micellebynucleicacids(DNA)wasstudiedusingUV-visabsorption,steadystatefluorescenceemissionmethodsandlifetimemeasurements.IntheSDSmicelle,weakfluorescenceofJGBwasenhanced,andthemaximumemissionshiftedfrom425to410nm.InthepresenceofDNA,thefluorescenceofJGBwasquenched.Linearrelationshipsbetweenthefluorescencequenching(F0/F)andconcentrationsofDNAwereobservedintherangeof2.4×10^-8to1.08×10^-7mol·L^-1forcalfthymusnucleicacids(ctDNA)and1.9×10^-8to3.8×10^-8mol·L-1forfishspermnucleicacids(fsDNA)when2.5×10^-5mol·L^-1JGBwasemployed.Thelimitdetectionwere1.3×10^-8mol·L^-1forctDNAand6.4×10^-9mol·L^-1forfsDNA.AthighDNAconcentration,therewasasystematicdeviationfromtheStem-Volmerequationduetothestaticanddynamicquenchingoccurringsimultaneously.TheproposedmethodwasappliedtothedeterminationofthenucleicacidsinchickenbloodextractionandtheanalyticalresultswereingoodagreementwiththeUV-method.
简介:TwostrainsofgreenmicroalgaeC.reinhardtiandC.pyrenoidosawereexaminedfortheirbiosorptionofMn2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,andCd2+fromaqueousmulti-metalsolutions.Awiderangeofbiosorptioncapacitiescanbeobservedduetodifferentstrainsofmicroalgaeanddifferentspeciesoftracemetals.Thischaracteristicwasascribedtothedistinctcomponentsandstructuresofalgalcellwallsandthedifferentphysicochemicalpropertiesoftracemetals,suchasatomicweightandiondensity.C.pyrenoidosashowedhigheruptakecapacitiesthanC.reinhardtiandbothofthemhadapreferencefortheuptakeofcadmiumoverothersinthetracemetalsolution,suggestingtheycanbeagoodbiomaterialforbiosorptionofcadmium.Livemicroalgalcellsdisplayedamorecomplexsorptionprocessthandeadmicroalgalcellsbecauseofcellassimilation.
简介:AgreatamountoffoodbornepathogenswereGram-positive(G?)bacteria,athreattopublichealth.Inthisstudy,consideringthebindingabilityofnisintowardsG-bacteriaandthestablefluorescentabilityofEGFPprotein,afluorescentnisin–EGFPproteinprobewasconstructedbyageneengineeringmethod.NisinandEGFPwereusedasthereceptorandfluorophore,respectively,todetectG?bacteria.ThenisinandegfpgenewereamplifiedseparatelyaccordingtothesequencepublishedinGenBankusinguniqueprimers.ThetwogeneswereclonedintoapET-28b(?)vectorresultinginapET-28b(?)–nisin–egfpvector.ThevectorwastransferredintoEscherichiacoli(E.coli)BL21(DE3)forexpression.Theexpressedproteinwasextracted,purifiedbyaNi–NTAcolumn,andthentestedbytheSDS-PAGEmethodtoconfirmitsmolecularweight.Listeriamonocytogenes(L.monocytogenes),Staphylococcusaureus(S.aureus),andMicrococcusluteus(M.luteus)wereusedastherepresentationsofG?bacteria.E.coliO157,representingthegram-negative(G-)bacteria,wasusedasanegativecontrol.Thebindingspecificityoftherecombinantproteinwasperformedontwotypesofbacteriaandthendetectedthroughfluorescentmicroscopy.Theresultsindicatedthatthenisin–EGFPprobecoulddetectG?bacteriaat108CFU/mL.
简介:Therelationshipbetweentheemissionofpollutantandeconomicgrowthhasattractedalotofattentionintheenvironmentaldebateoftherecentdecades.BasedonsometheoreticalandempiricalresearchonenvironmentalKuznetscurve(EKC),thispaperintroducestheenvironmentaltechnicalinnovationandenvironmentalinvestmentintoSolowgrowthmodeltodiscusstherelationshipbetweenGDPpercapitalandtheemissionofpollutant.Bythedynamicsimulationandparametersanalysis,theresultsofthemodelindicate:(1)when'green'technicalprogressandenvironmentalinvestmentarefixed,therelationshipbetweenGDPpercapitalandtheemissionshowsthelinearrelationship;(2)'green'technicalprogresscanleadtothepositivegrowthrateswithadecreasinglevelofemis-sion,whichiscompatiblewithanEKC;(3)theproportionoftheenvironmentalinvestmentcanleadthedifferentgrowthratesandlevelofemission.Theseresultscanexplainthatdevelopingcountriesare'toopoortobegreen'.
简介:Genomicresearchhasmadealargenumberofsequencesofnovelgenesorexpressedsequencetagsavailable.Toinvestigatefunctionsofthesegenes,asystemforconditionalcontrolofgeneexpressionwouldbeausefultool.Inducibletransgeneexpressionthatusesgreenfluorescentproteingene(gfp)asareportergenehasbeeninvestigatedintransgeniccelllinesofcotton(COT;GossypiumhirsutumL.),Fraserfir[FRA;Abiesfraseri(Pursh)Poir],Nordmannfir(NOR;AbiesnordmannianaLk.),andrice(RIC;OryzasativaL.Cv.Radon).Transgeniccelllineswereusedtotestthefunctionofthechemicalinducerdexamethasone.Inducibletransgeneexpressionwasobservedwithfluorescenceandconfocalmicroscopy,andwasconfirmedbynorthernblotanalyses.Dexamethasoneat5mg/Linducedgfpexpressiontothenearlyhighestlevel48haftertreatmentinCOT,FRA,NOR,andRIC.Dexamethasoneat10mg/LinhibitedthegrowthoftransgeniccellsinFRAandNOR,butnotCOTandRIC.Theseresultsdemonstratedthatconcentrationsofinducerforoptimuminduciblegeneexpressionsystemvariedamongtransgeniccelllines.Theinduciblegeneexpressionsystemdescribedherewasveryeffectiveandcouldbevaluableinevaluatingthefunctionofnovelgene.
简介:AnovelLD-pumpedsingle-frequencymicro-chipgreenlaserispresented.ByusingthecombinationofshortcavityandLoytfilterformedbyRochonprismandKTPcrystal,astablesinglefrequencygreenlaserisobtainedwith60mWoutputat500mWLD-pump.Theoptical-to-opticalconversionefficiencyisabout12%.Theopticalcontactbetweencomponentsofthelaserisadopted.Thislaserhastheadvantagesofacompactstructureandalowcost.
简介:Juglansmandshurica格言的绿皮的摘录是为学习它的杀虫的活动并且分析活跃部件的提取bycommon方法。白酒摘录和氯仿摘录分开的Resultsshowed(用氯仿fromalcohol摘录分开了)J的形式绿色皮。mandshurica对LymantriadisparL的幼虫在接触toxicityand胃毒性举办杀虫的活动...在摘录forfive天的申请以后,为两篇摘录的Lymantriadispar的幼虫的改正的死亡是在≥的集中的超过50%in接触毒性和胃毒性5g·L~(-1)。为白酒摘录和摘录的氯仿部分的insecticidalactivity是在在胃毒性的接触toxicitythan的更多的效果,但是在杀虫的活动的重要差别都不是摘录的foundbetween白酒摘录和氯仿部分。在从绿皮of/mandshurica的氯仿partof摘录的活跃部件被GCMS分析。分析结果证明在氯仿的活跃部件摘录分开的thatthe是:(1)juglone(5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthaoquinone),相对内容27.11%,(2)1,5-Naphthalenediol,相对内容9.52%,(3)7-Methoxy-l-tetralone,相对内容6.81%,(4)Benzofuran,2,3-dihydro-,relativecontent6.76%,(5)4-Hydroxy-2-methoxycinnamaldehyde,相对内容3.99%,(6)2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol,相对内容3.05%。
简介:自从2007,Ulvaprolifera在黄海引起的巨大的绿潮每夏天发生了并且为本地政府引起了巨大的经济损失。Subei(诺思江苏省,中国)浅与它的大规模Porphyra水产业,被认为是U的最重要的来源。为绿潮的prolifera。揭示在西南的黄海在这个区域,水流的特征,温度,咸度和推迟的微粒物质(SPM)漂浮和漂流的水藻的物理机制,特别在Subei浅,被学习。光线的沙的地形学在Subei隆起浅抑制水流和原因网的特征纵、纬度的运动。纵的网运动是能带U的一个主导的动态因素。prolifera进近海流水。被水藻在光合作用期间生产的气体的数量决定是否U。在它从Porphyraaquacultural仪器被处理进水以后,prolifera能漂浮很好在海表面上。Subei浅被高混浊描绘,它能导致重要轻变细并且和U的快活影响光合作用。水里的prolifera。根据从2012的卫星遥感数据,在Subei的three-month-averaged表面SPM(4月,5月和6月)浅是140mg/dm3,和Subei的北方浅(34.5的北方
简介:Green-Naghdi(G-N)理论是为水波浪的一个充分非线性的理论。一些研究人员把它称为一个充分非线性的Boussinesq模型。G-N理论的复杂性的不同的度被在哪儿的鈥渓evels鈥?区分越高水平,越多复杂并且大概更精确理论。在这里介绍的研究,比较在G-N理论的二个不同层次之间被做,明确地铺平II并且铺平IIIG-N限制理论。限制理论被给的水平IIIG-N的一个线性分析解决方案。一个平面沙滩上的波浪和变浅的波浪两个都与这二个G-N理论被模仿。水平IIIG-N也限制了理论罐头,这第一次被显示出被用来在浅水里预言液体速度。水平IIIG-N限制了理论被推荐而不是水平IIG-N限制理论当模仿时,充分非线性的浅水飘动。关键词Green-Naghdi理论-Boussinesq模型-充分非线性的水飘动-变浅的波浪基础条款:在资助号码50779008和111工程(B07019)下面由中国的国家自然科学基础支持了。箱箱赵在1984出生了。他是一会儿在哈尔滨工程的液体力学的一个博士候选人大学。他的当前的研究兴趣基于BEM包括Green-Naghdi理论和非线性的波浪身体相互作用。Wen-yangDuan在1967出生了。他在设计大学的哈尔滨是一个教授和一个博士监督人。他的当前的研究兴趣包括非线性的波浪身体相互作用,SPH方法和Boussinesq模型。