简介:Theopticalpropertiesofafive-levelatomicsystemcomposedofaA-typefour-levelatomicandatripodfour-levelatomicsystemsareinvestigated.Itisfoundthatthebehaviorsofelectromagneticallyinducedtransparency(EIT)andgroupvelocitycanbecontrolledbychoosingappropriateparameterswiththeinteractingdarkresonances.Inparticular,whenallthefieldsareonresonance,theslowlightatthesymmetrictransparencywindowswithamuchbroaderEITwidthisobtainedbytuningtheintensityofthecouplingfieldincomparisonwithitssub-system,whichprovidespotentialapplicationsinquantumstorageandretrievaloflight.
简介:Uncertainandhesitantinformation,widelyexistinginthereal-worldqualitativedecisionmakingproblems,bringsgreatchallengestodecisionmakers.Hesitantfuzzylinguistictermsets(HFLTSs),aneffectivelinguisticcomputationaltoolinmodelingandelicitingsuchinformation,havehencearousedmanyscholars’interestsandsomeextensionshavebeenintroducedrecently.However,thesemethodsarebasedonthediscretelinguistictermframeworkwiththelimitedexpressiondomain,whichactuallydepictqualitativeinformationusingseveralsinglevalues.Therefore,itishardtoensuretheintegrityofthesemanticsrepresentationandtheaccuracyofthecomputationresults.Todealwiththisproblem,asemanticsbasisframeworkcalledcompletelinguistictermset(CLTS)isdesigned,whichadoptsaseparationstructureoflinguisticscaleandexpressiondomain,enrichingsemanticsrepresentationofdecisionmakers.Onthisbasistheconceptoffuzzyintervallinguisticsets(FILSs)isputforwardthatemploystheintervallinguistictermwithprobabilitytoincreasetheflexibilityofelicitingandrepresentinguncertainandhesitantqualitativeinformation.Forpracticalapplications,afuzzyintervallinguistictechniquefororderpreferencebysimilaritytoidealsolution(FILTOPSIS)methodisdevelopedtodealwithmulti-attributegroupdecisionmaking(MAGDM)problems.Throughthecasesofmovieandenterpriseresourceplanning(ERP)systemselection,theeffectivenessandvalidityoftheproposedmethodareillustrated.
简介:ThePacificRegionseemstobedeterioratingintoahigh-riskarea.BuildinganoverarchingTrans-PacificSecurityCooperationArchitectureisthecallofthehour.Theaimistofillthevacuumofaregion-wideall-embracingarrangementtocompensateforthedeficienciesofexistingmulti-lateralmechanisms.Fortunately,thePacificOceanoffersamplespacetoaccommodateallplayersintheirpursuitofsharedpeaceandcommondevelopment.
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简介:Wefirstproposeaseriesofsimilaritymeasuresforintuitionisticfuzzyvalues(IFVs)basedontheintuitionisticfuzzyoperators(Atanassov1995).Theparametersintheproposedsimilaritymeasurescancontrolthedegreeofmembershipandthedegreeofnon-membershipofanIFV,whichcanreflectthedecisionmaker’sriskpreference.Moreover,wecanobtainsomeknownsimilaritymeasureswhensomefixedvaluesareassignedtotheparameters.Furthermore,weapplythesimilaritymeasurestoaggregateIFVsanddevelopsomeaggregationoperators,suchastheintuitionisticfuzzydependentaveragingoperatorandtheintuitionisticfuzzydependentgeometricoperator,whoseprominentcharacteristicisthattheassociatedweightsonlydependontheaggregatedintuitionisticfuzzyargumentsandcanrelievetheinfluenceofunfairargumentsontheaggregatedresults.Basedontheseaggregationoperators,wedevelopsomegroupdecisionmakingmethods,andfinallyextendourresultstointerval-valuedintuitionisticfuzzyenvironment.
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