简介：Objective:Secretorybreastcarcinoma(SBC)isararetypeofbreastmalignancy,accountingforlessthan0.02%ofallinfiltratingbreastmalignancies.ThepureSBC,atypeofSBCwithoutanothertypeofbreastmalignantneoplasm,isparticularlyrare.ThisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheclinicopathologicandmolecularfeaturesofpureSBC.Methods:Themainpathologicalparameterssuchasestrogenreceptor(ER),progesteronereceptor(PR),andhumanepithelialgrowthfactorreceptor2(C-erbB-2)weredetectedbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC),andtheclinicopathologicandprognosticdifferencewerecomparedwithinvasiveductalcarcinoma(IDC).Fluorescentinsituhybridization(FISH)andreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)wasperformedtoidentifytheETV6-NTRK3rearrangementofSBC.Results:WefoundthatthepositivityratesofER,PR,C-erbB-2,p53,andS-100were47.7%(21/44),52.3%(23/44),36.4%(16/44),27.3%(12/44),and95.5%(42/44),respectively,whichwerehigherthanthosereportedinpreviousstudies.Specialperiodicacid-Schiffanalysiswasperformedin36patients,andthevalueoftheKi-67indexrangedfrom1%to50%(meanvalue:10%).Interestingly,mostpatientswithpureSBCharboredanETV6-NTRK3rearrangementwithan88.6%(39/44)expressionrate.ComparedwithIDC,thetumorsizeofmostpatientswithSBCwaslargerthan2cm(P=0.024).Ultrasoundshowedbenignlesions,andthetotalmisdiagnosisratewashigher(P=0.020).Althoughthepathologicalclassificationwasmostlytriple-negativebreastcancers(P=0.036),therewaslessmetastasis(P=0.029),andtheoverallprognosiswasbetterthanthatoftheIDCgroup.Conclusions:Althoughaxillarylymphnodemetastasis,localrecurrence,ordistantmetastasismayoccur,SBCisalsoconsideredanindolentneoplasmwithagoodprognosis.Oncediagnosed,surgicaltreatmentshouldbeperformedassoonaspossible,followedbyappropriateadjuvantchemotherapy,irradiation,andendocrinetherapies.

简介：Spindlecellcarcinomaofthebreastisararetumor.Thistumorcanproliferaterapidlyandcausecysticchangesbecauseofinternaltissuenecrosis.Weevaluateda54-year-oldwomanwithrightbreastlump.Mammographyshowedacategoryfourmasswithadiameterof2.5cm.Ultrasonography(US)revealedacomplexcysticlesion,andfine-needleaspiration(FNA)cytologydemonstratedbloodyfluidandmalignantcells.Partialbreastresectionandsentinellymphnodebiopsywereperformed.Immunohistologyrevealedspindlecellswithpositiveresultsforcytokeratin(AE1/AE3)andvimentin,partiallypositiveresultsfors-100,andnegativeresultsfordesminandα-actin.ThepathologicalstagewasIIA,andbiochemicalcharacterizationshowedthatthetumorwastriplenegative.SixcoursesofFEC-100chemotherapy(5-fluorouracil500mg/m2,epirubicin100mg/m2,andcyclophosphamide500mg/m2)wereadministered.Radiotherapywasperformed.Thiscaseisdiscussedwithreferencetotheliterature.

简介：Objective:Todeterminethevalueofdiffusion-tensorimaging（DTI）asanadjuncttodynamiccontrastenhancedmagneticresonanceimaging（DCE-MRI）forimprovedaccuracyofdifferentialdiagnosisbetweenbreastductalcarcinomainsitu（DCIS）andinvasivebreastcarcinoma（IBC）.Methods:TheMRIdataof63patientspathologicallyconfirmedasbreastcancerwereanalyzed.TheconventionalMRIanalysismetricsincludedenhancementstyle,initialenhancementcharacteristic,maximumslopeofincrease,timetopeak,timesignalintensitycurve（TIC）pattern,andsignalintensityonFST2WI.Thevaluesofapparentdiffusioncoefficient（ADC）,directionally-averagedmeandiffusivity(Davg),exponentialattenuation（EA）,fractionalanisotropy（FA）,volumeratio（VR）andrelativeanisotropy（RA）werecalculatedandcomparedbetweenDCISandIBC.MultivariatelogisticregressionwasusedtoidentifyindependentfactorsfordistinguishingIBCandDCIS.Thediagnosticperformanceofthediagnosisequationwasevaluatedusingthereceiveroperatingcharacteristic（ROC）curve.ThediagnosticefficaciesofDCEMRI,DWIandDTIwerecomparedindependendyorcombined.Results:EAvalue,lesionenhancementstyleandTICpatternwereidentifiedasindependentfactorfordifferentialdiagnosisofIBCandDCIS.ThecombinationdiagnosisshowedhigherdiagnosticefficacythanasingleuseofDCE-MRI（P=0.02）,andtheareaofthecurvewasimprovedfrom0.84（95%CI,0.67-0.99）to0.94（95%CI,0.85-1.00）.Conclusions:QuantitativeDTImeasurementasanadjuncttoDCE-MRIcouldimprovethediagnosticperformanceofdifferentialdiagnosisbetweenDCISandIBCcomparedtoasingleuseofDCE-MRI.

简介：AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare group of neoplasms originating from the endocrine pancreas. PNETs are classified as functional or non-functional tumors. PNETs are more often diagnosed at a higher stage with distant metastases or advanced locoregional disease. The majority of individuals with hepatic metastases will ultimately die of liver failure; therefore, the treatment of liver tumor burden is critical to providing a survival impact. While surgical resection remains the only chance of cure for disease confined to the pancreas or for locoregional disease, the treatment of advanced or metastatic PNETs is more complex and often requires a multimodal approach. This review focuses on treatment options for well and moderately differentiated PNETs with metastatic disease to the liver. These include surgery, liver-directed therapies including ablative and intra-arterial therapies, and systemic therapies such as somatostatin analogues, targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Developing an individualized treatment strategy requires careful assessment of liver tumor burden and predicted biological behavior. Aggressive surgical resection of hepatic metastases secondary to PNET primary tumors is associated with improved survival in multiple retrospective studies. General goals of treatment for metastatic disease include prolonging overall survival and progression free survival, improving quality of life, and control of symptoms.

简介：稀释Listeriamonocytogenes(LM)是为癌症疫苗的交货的有希望的候选人向量。在由介绍抗原的房间的吞噬作用以后，这个细菌刺激主要histocompatibility建筑群(MHC)我和MHC-II小径并且导致抗原特定的T淋巴细胞的增长。包含复制缺乏的LM种类Δ的基因修正的新策略；dalΔ；dat(Lmdd)被开发了表示并且藏匿人的CD24蛋白质。CD24是仔细与hepatocellular癌(HCC)的apoptosis，转移和复发被联系的肝的癌症干细胞biomarker。在在老鼠的静脉内的管理以后，Lmdd-CD24首先在怒气和肝被散布并且没引起严重机关损害。Lmdd-CD24有效地增加了干扰素(IFN)的数字-γ-producingCD8+T房间和IFN-γ；分泌物。Lmdd-CD24也提高了IL-4-和IL-10-producingT助手2房间的数字。Lmdd-CD24疫苗的功效进一步对Hepa1-6-CD24肿瘤被调查，它腹股沟地被接种进老鼠。Lmdd-CD24显著地在老鼠减少了肿瘤尺寸并且增加了他们的幸存。尤其是，T规章的房间(Treg)的减小数并且特定的CD8+T房间活动的改进在渗入肿瘤的淋巴细胞(TIL)被观察。这些结果对HCC建议Lmdd-CD24疫苗的一个潜在的应用程序。

简介：Objective:Toexploretheeffectofearlyenteralnutrition(EN)onpostoperativenutritionalstatus,intestinalpermeability,andimmunefunctioninelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer.Methods:Atotalof96patientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancerwhounderwentsurgicaltreatmentinourhospitalfromJune2007toDecember2010wereenrolledinthisstudy.TheyweredividedintoENgroup(n=50)andparenteralnutrition(PN)group(n=46)basedonthenutritionsupportmodes.Thebodyweight,timetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,complicationsandmortalityafterthesurgeryaswellastheliverfunctionindicatorswererecordedandanalyzed.Peripheralbloodsampleswerecollectedonthedays1,4and7aftersurgery.Theplasmadiamineoxidase(DAO)activityandD-lactatelevelweredeterminedtoassesstheintestinalpermeability.TheplasmaendotoxinlevelsweredeterminedusingdynamicturbidimetricassaytoassesstheprotectiveeffectofENonintestinalmucosalbarrier.Thepostoperativebloodlevelsofinflammatorycytokinesandimmunoglobulinsweredeterminedusingenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA).Results:Afterthesurgery,thetimetofirstflatus/defecation,averagehospitalstay,andcomplicationsweresignificantlylessintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(P<0.05),whereastheENgrouphadsignificantlyhigheralbuminlevelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05).Onthe7thpostoperativeday,theDAOactivity,D-lactatelevelandendotoxincontentsweresignificantlylowerintheENgroupthanthoseinthePNgroup(allP<0.05).Inaddition,theENgrouphadsignificantlyhigherIgA,IgG,IgM,andCD4levelsthanthePNgroup(P<0.05)butsignificantlylowerIL-2,IL-6,andTNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Conclusions:Inelderlypatientswithesophagealcancerorcardiaccancer,earlyENaftersurgerycaneffectivelyimprovethenutritionalstatus,protectintestinalmucosalbarrier(byreducingplasmaendoxins),andenhancetheimmunefunction

简介：Inthispaper,thecalculatingchartsandformulaeaboutwavepressureonthebreastwallarederivedwithsevenparametersonthebasisofphysicalmodelstudy.Theverificationshowsthatthechartsagreewiththeexample,andareadoptedintheSpecificationsofFisheryHarboursBreakwaterbytheMinistryofAgricultures.

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简介：Autofluorescencespectrafromtheserumofhealthmanandcancerpatientshavebeenmeasuredandanalyzed.Twoobviouslyspectracharacteristicsoftheserumhavebeendiscussedindetail.Anovellasercancerdiagnosissystem(LCD-1)hasbeenestablishedandthediagnosisresultsarecomparedwithclinicalmethods.

简介：Objective:Population-basedcancerregistrationdatain2012fromallavailablecancerregistriesinHenanprovincewerecollectedbyHenanOfficeforCancerResearchandControl.ThenumbersofnewcancercasesandcancerdeathsinHenanprovincewithcompiledcancerincidenceandmortalityrateswereestimated.Methods:In2015,allregistries'datainHenanprovincewerequalifiedforthenationalcancerregistryannualreportin2012.Thepooleddatawerestratifiedbyarea(urban/rural),gender,agegroup(0,1-4,5-9,10-14,…,85+)andcancertype.Newcancercasesanddeathswereestimatedusingage-specificratesandcorrespondingpopulationofHenanprovincein2012.TheChinesecensusdatain2000andSegi'spopulationwereappliedforage-standardizedrates.Alltherateswereexpressedper100,000person-years.Results:Qualified19cancerregistries(4urbanand15ruralregistries)covered16,082,688populationsofHenanprovincein2012.Thepercentageofcaseswithmorphologicallyverified(MV%)anddeathcertificateonlycases(DCO%)were69.84%and2.30%,respectively,andthemortalitytoincidencerateratio(M/I)was0.64.Itwasestimatedthattherewere248,510newcancercasesand158,630cancerdeathsinHenanprovincein2012.Theincidenceratewas266.17/100,000(288.61/100,000inmalesand241.86/100,000infemales),theage-standardizedincidenceratesbyChinesestandardpopulation(ASIRC)andbyworldstandardpopulation(ASIRW)were208.95/100,000and206.41/100,000withthecumulativeincidencerate(0-74yearsold)of24.30%.Thecrudeincidencerateinurbanareaswashigherthanthatinruralareas.However,afteradjustedbyage,thecancerincidencerateinruralwashigherthanthatinurbanareas.ThecrudemortalityofallcancersinHenanprovincewas169.90/100,000(201.23/100,000inmalesand135.95/100,000infemales).Theage-standardizedmortalityratesbyChinesestandardpopulation(ASMRC)andbyworldstandardpopulation(ASMRW)were131.20/100,000and130.80/100,000,respect

简介：Objective:Population-basedcancerregistrationdatain2012fromallavailablecancerregistriesinGansuprovincewerecollectedbytheCentralCancerRegistryofGansu.ThenumbersofnewcancercasesandcancerdeathsinGansuprovincewithcompiledcancerincidenceandmortalityrateswereestimated.Methods:In2015,datafrom7registriesinGansuprovincewerequalified.Thepooleddatawerestratifiedbyarea(urban/rural),gender,agegroup(0,1-4,5-9,10-14,…,85+)andcancertype.Newcancercasesanddeathswereestimatedusingage-specificratesandcorrespondingpopulationofGansuprovincein2012.TheChinesecensusdatain2000andSegi'spopulationwereappliedforage-standardizedrates.Alltherateswereexpressedper100,000person-years.Results:Qualified7cancerregistries(3urbanand4ruralregistries)covered2,956,560populationsofGansuprovincein2012.Thepercentageofcasesmorphologicallyverified(MV%)anddeathcertificate-onlycases(DCO%)were72.41%and1.65%,respectively,andthemortalitytoincidencerateratio(M/I)was0.63.Itwasestimatedthattherewere575,600newcancercasesand331,300cancerdeathsinGansuprovincein2012.Theincidenceratewas223.29/100,000(244.14/100,000inmalesand201.50/100,000infemales),theage-standardizedincidenceratesbyChinesestandardpopulation(ASIRC)andbyworldstandardpopulation(ASIRW)were208.95/100,000and206.41/100,000withthecumulativeincidencerate(0-74yearsold)of22.49%.Thecrudeincidencerateinurbanareaswasequaltothatinruralareas.However,afteradjustedbyage,thecancerincidencerateinurbanwasthesameasthatofruralareas.ThecrudemortalityinGansuprovincewas128.54/100,000(135.04/100,000inmalesand124.43/100,000infemales),theage-standardizedmortalityratesbyChinesestandardpopulation(ASMRC)andbyworldstandardpopulation(ASMRW)were109.54/100,000and108.44/100,000,respectively,andthecumulativemortalityrate(0-74yearsold)was12.91%.Thecrudecancer

简介：AbstractPreoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, combined with total mesorectal excision, has become the standard treatment for advanced localized rectal cancer (RC). However, the biological complexity and heterogeneity of tumors may contribute to cancer recurrence and metastasis in patients with radiotherapy-resistant RC. The identification of factors leading to radioresistance and markers of radiosensitivity is critical to identify responsive patients and improve radiotherapy outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, and noncoding RNAs that affect various cellular and molecular targets. miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in multiple biological processes associated with RC. In this review, we summarized the signaling pathways of miRNAs, including apoptosis, autophagy, the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, proliferation, and metastasis during radiotherapy in patients with RC. Also, we evaluated the potential role of miRNAs as radiotherapeutic biomarkers for RC.

简介：AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is mainly attributed to low diagnostic rate at the early stage, highly aggressive nature coupled with the inadequate efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimens. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in key processes of cancer development. The aberrant expression of miRNAs is often involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. The discovery of tumor suppressor miRNAs provides prospects for the development of a novel treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer. We reviewed recent progress on the understanding of the role of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, highlighted the efficient application of miRNAs-based therapies for pancreatic cancer in animal models and clinical trials, and proposed future prospects. This review focuses on the promise of integrating miRNAs into the treatment of pancreatic cancer and provides guidance for the development of precision medicine for pancreatic cancer.

简介：Earlydiagnosisandtreatmentisthekeytoimprovingtheprognosisofgastriccancer.Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtherapidadvancesinthediagnosisandmanagementofearlygastriccancer(EGC):endoscopyhasplayedanincreasinglyimportantrole,whereaslaparoscopictechniqueshavealsobeenintroducedforEGCtreatment.InChina,the

简介：Glucocorticoids在前列腺癌症的治疗被使用了减缓疾病前进，改进疼痛控制并且抵消chemo-和神经质的治疗的副作用。然而，他们可以也有潜力经由变异的雄激素受体或glucocorticoid受体(GR)驾驶前列腺癌症生长。在这评论，我们在前列腺癌症的治疗检验glucocorticoids的历史、当代的使用，考察他们可以由禁止或开车前列腺癌症生长的潜在的机制，并且描述定义他们对前列腺癌症的生物学的贡献的潜在的工具。

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简介：Colorectalcancer（CRC）isthethirdmostcommoncancerdiagnosedworldwideinhumanbeings.Surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapyandtargetedtherapiesaretheconventionalfourapproacheswhicharecurrentlyusedforthetreatmentofCRC.Thesitespecificdeliveryofchemotherapeuticstotheirsiteofactionwouldincreaseeffectivenesswithreducingsideeffects.Targetedoraldrugdeliverysystemsbasedonpolysaccharidesarebeinginvestigatedtotargetanddeliverchemotherapeuticandchemopreventiveagentsdirectlytocolonandrectum.Site-specificdrugdeliverytocolonincreasesitsconcentrationatthetargetsite,andthusrequiresalowerdoseandhenceabridgedsideeffects.Somenoveltherapiesarealsobrieflydiscussedinarticlesuchasreceptor（epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,folatereceptor,wheatgermagglutinin,VEGFreceptor,hyaluronicacidreceptor）basedtargetingtherapy;colontargetedproapoptoticanticancerdrugdeliverysystem,genetherapy.EventhoughgoodtreatmentoptionsareavailableforCRC,theultimatetherapeuticapproachistoaverttheincidenceofCRC.ItwasalsofoundthatCRCscouldbepreventedbydietandnutritionsuchascalcium,vitaminD,curcumin,quercetinandfishoilsupplements.ImmunotherapyandvaccinationareusednowadayswhichareshowingbetterresultsagainstCRC.

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