简介:STATIONARYBEHAVIOROFTHETWO-STAGETANDEMQUEUEINGSYSTEMWITHFINITECAPACITYANDMATCHEDSERVICE¥YUANXueming(InstituteofAutomation,Aco...
简介:Weinthispaperexaminewarrantystrategyinatwo-stagesupplychainconsistingofamanufacturerandtwocompetingretailers.Themanufacturerproducestwosubstituteproductsandmarketsthemthroughthetworetailerstoagroupofconsumers,respectively.Foreachtypeofproducts,themanufacturer’sbasewarrantyandaretailer’sextendedwarrantyarebundledwiththeproduct.Weusegametheoreticmodelstoexploretheinteractionsbetweenthetwotypesofwarrantiesandthecompetitionbetweentheretailers.Forthispurpose,twoscenariosareconsidered:noretailerandboththetworetailersprovidingtheextendedwarranties,respectively.Ineachscenario,themanufacturer’sbasewarrantiesareassumedtobeoffered.Ourresultsshowthatwhentheretailersoffertheirextendedwarranties,themanufacturerhasnoincentivetoofferthebasewarranties;otherwise,themanufacturerhastoprovidethebasewarranties.Thecompetitionbetweenretailersintermsoftheproductsubstitutabilityhasnoimpactonwarrantydecisions,butaffectsallplayers’profitsinthesupplychain.Themanufacturercanprovidealongerwarrantylengthandhighercustomerwelfaretoacustomerthantheretailersdo,ifitismoreefficientthantheretailersinwarrantycost-efficiency,andviceversa.
简介:这份报纸考虑通过离线、联机的隧道为一小部分房间的分发由一个宾馆和一个联机旅行代理人(OTA)组成的宾馆供应链。在商人合作假设下面,为无常建模并且要求克服分散的决定的劣势,二合作机制,也就是,一个二阶段的订合同和一种选择收缩,被介绍在宾馆供应链增加利润。这份报纸在不同合同模型下面调查宾馆和OTA的最佳的决定。而且,作者在不同模型下面在宾馆和OTA的利润上分析需求无常和需求可变性和宾馆能力的相互作用的效果。结果证明二阶段的订合同和选择合同能增加全部供应链和宾馆的利润;然而,仅仅当宾馆能力是相对小的,需求可变性大时,OTA的利润能通过二阶段的订合同和选择合同被增加;否则,二合作机制不能增加OTA利润。
简介:Inthispaper,atwo-scalefiniteelementapproachisproposedandanalyzedforapproximationsofGreen'sfunctioninthree-dimensions.Thisapproachisbasedonatwo-scalefiniteelementspacedefined,respectively,onthewholedomainwithsizeHandonsomesubdomaincontainingsingularpointswithsizeh(h<
简介:在这份报纸,有合并Crowley燕子的二分布式的细胞内部的延期的一个HIV动力学模型功能的反应感染率被调查。作者在我们的系统考虑多重阶段疾病传播和隐而不见地的感染的房间(还没生产的病毒)。作者考虑nonnegativity,解决方案的固定,和系统的全球asymptotic稳定性。由构造合适的Lyapunovfunctionals并且使用Lyapunov-LaSalle不变性原则,作者证明全球稳定性感染(地方性)为时间延期的平衡和diseasefree平衡。作者证明了如果基本繁殖数字R0是不到统一,那么,没有疾病的平衡是全球性asymptotically稳定,并且如果R0比统一大,那么,感染的平衡是全球性asymptotically稳定。结果获得了模型的全球动态行为被基本繁殖数字R0完全决定并且时间延期不影响模型的全球asymptotic性质的表演。
简介:Inthispaper,wefocusonthereal-timeinteractionsamongmultipleutilitycompaniesandmultipleusersandformulatereal-timepricing(RTP)asatwo-stageoptimizationproblem.Atthefirststage,basedoncostfunction,weproposeacontinuoussupplyfunctionbiddingmechanismtomodeltheutilitycompanies’profitmaximizationproblem,bywhichtheanalyticexpressionofelectricitypriceisfurtherderived.Atthesecondstage,consideringthatindividuallyoptimalsolutionmaynotbesociallyoptimal,weemployconvexoptimizationwithlinearconstraintstomodelthepriceanticipatingusers’dailypayoffmaximum.Substitutetheanalyticexpressionofelectricitypriceobtainedatthefirststageintotheoptimizationproblematthesecondstage.Usingcustomizedproximalpointalgorithm(C-PPA),theoptimizationproblematthesecondstageissolvedandelectricitypriceisobtainedaccordingly.WealsoprovetheexistenceanduniquenessoftheNashequilibriuminthementionedtwostageoptimizationandtheconvergenceofC-PPA.Inaddition,inordertomakethealgorithmmorepractical,astatisticalapproachisusedtoobtainthefunctionofpriceonlythroughonlineinformationexchange,insteadofsolvingitdirectly.TheproposedapproachoffersRTP,powerproductionandloadschedulingformultipleutilitycompaniesandmultipleusersinsmartgrid.Statisticalapproachhelpstoprotectthecompany’sprivacyandavoidtheinterferenceofrandomfactors,andC-PPAhasanadvantageoverLagrangianalgorithmbecausetheformerneednotobtaintheobjectionfunctionofthedualoptimizationproblembysolvinganoptimizationproblemwithparameters.Simulationresultsshowthattheproposedframeworkcansignificantlyreducepeaktimeloadingandefficientlybalancesystemenergydistribution.
简介:在增值服务(管)上投资放大用户参予和站台利润。然而,投资资源通常在实践被限制。这篇论文调查管在投资资源限制下面为一个两方面的平台投资和定价策略。我们表明与管投资,赞助能仍然被做扩大用户需求,甚至当投资费用变得更高时。为最佳的定价策略,如果,网络效果将是统治决定因素在二个边缘的跨方面的好处之间的差距(即当时,用户们获得的利益各新的用户加入站台的另外的方面)大。有趣地,我们证明随边缘的投资费用的增加,用户们也可能更高被定价或降低。如果边缘的投资费用增加到高水平,和在二个边缘的跨方面的好处之间的差距大,为拥有更高跨方面的网络效果的用户降低存取费用未必确实补偿更高的费用引起的更多的利润损失。而且在管被开发以后,为谁的那些提起存取费用边缘的投资利益大未必确实也产生更多的利润。相反的策略进一步扩大用户用途,并且支持投资有益于更多的用户。
简介:Retailpriceandpromotionaleffortaretwoimportantparametersonwhichdemandofacommoditylargelydepends.Thispaperdevelopsandanalyzesatwo-echelonsupplychainwheremarketdemanddependsonbothretailpriceandsaleseffort.Thecentralizedmodelisstudiedasthebenchmarkcase,andthewholesaleprice-onlycontractisstudiedasthebasecaseinwhicheachentitytriestomaximizeitsindividualprofit.Differentcontractmechanismsareimplementedtooutperformthebasecaseintermsofbothtotalchain'saswellasindividualprofits.Comparisonsamongthecoordinatingcontractsareprovidedsothatanyentitymaychoosethebetteronefromavailablecontractsafterthecontractparametersarenegotiated.Themodelisextensivelyexaminedthroughanumericalexample.
简介:这篇论文考虑由一个仓库和一个零售商组成的二水平的供应链。在这个模型,我们根据库存和交通费用决定最佳的订政策。我们假设由零售商的需求率被知道。缺乏既不在零售商也不在仓库被允许。我们在二种情况中学习这个模型;分散并且集中。在分散的盒子中,零售商和仓库独立地最小化他们的自己的费用;当在集中的盒子中仓库和零售商被认为总体上坚挺时。我们建议一个算法为在集中的盒子中最小化全部的系统费用的零售商和仓库发现经济顺序数量。全部的系统费用从仓库在零售商和仓库以及交通费用包含成立并且订的费用到零售商。进一所公共医院的药品的下游的供应链的这个模型的申请允许获得重要积蓄。由数字例子,费用在MATLAB©被计算在集中的盒子中把费用与分散的作比较并且通过数量折扣建议节省份额机制。
简介:Thispaperisdevotedtodeterminingthestructuresandpropertiesofone-Leeweightcodesandtwo-LeeweightprojectivecodesCk1,k2,k3overpIF+vIFpwithtypep2k1pk2pk3.Theauthorsintroduceadistance-preservingGraymapfrom(IFp+vIFp)nto2np.BytheGraymap,theauthorsconstructafamilyofoptimalone-Hammingweightp-arylinearcodesfromone-LeeweightcodesoverIFp+vIFp,whichattainthePlotkinboundandtheGriesmerbound.Theauthorsalsoobtainaclassofoptimalp-arylinearcodesfromtwo-LeeweightprojectivecodesoverIFp+vIFp,whichmeettheGriesmerbound.