简介：Brief-pulsestimulationat50Hzhasbeenshowntoterminateafterdischargesobservedinepilepsypatients.However,theoptimalpulsestimulationparametersforterminatingcorticalelectricalstimulation-inducedafterdischargesremainunclear.Inthepresentstudy,weexaminedtheeffectsofdifferentbrief-pulsestimulationfrequencies(5,50and100Hz)oncorticalelectricalstimulation-inducedafterdischargesin10patientswithrefractoryepilepsy.Resultsdemonstratedthatbrief-pulsestimulationcouldterminatecorticalelectricalstimulation-inducedafterdischargesinrefractoryepilepsypatients.Inconclusion,(1)abrief-pulsestimulationwasmoreeffectivewhentheafterdischargedidnotextendtothesurroundingbrainarea.(2)Ahigherbrief-pulsestimulationfrequency(especially100Hz)wasmorelikelytoterminateanafterdischarge.(3)Alowcurrentintensityofbrief-pulsestimulationwasmorelikelytoterminateanafterdischarge.

简介：Basementmembranedegradationandblood-brainbarrierdamageappearaftercerebralinfarction,severelyimpactingneuronalandbrainfunctioning;however,theunderlyingpathogeneticmechanismsremainpoorlyunderstood.Inthisstudy,weinducedcerebralinfarctioninstrokepronespontaneouslyhypertensiveratsbyintragastricadministrationofhigh-sodiumwater(1.3%NaCl)for7consecutiveweeks.Immunohistochemicalandimmunofluorescenceassaysdemonstratedthat,comparedwiththenon-infarctedcontralateralhemisphere,stroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiveratsonnormalsodiumintakeandWistar-Kyotorats,matrixmetalloproteinase-9expression,thenumberofbloodvesselswithdiscontinuouscollagenIVexpressionandmicrovesseldensityweresignificantlyhigher,andthenumberofcontinuouscollagenIV-positivebloodvesselswaslowerintheinfarctborderzonesofstroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiveratsgivenhigh-sodiumwater.Linearcorrelationanalysisshowedmatrixmetalloproteinase-9expressionwaspositivelycorrelatedwiththenumberofdiscontinuouslycollagenIV-labeledbloodvesselsandmicrovesseldensityincerebralinfarctsofstroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiverats.Theseresultssuggestthatmatrixmetalloproteinase-9upregulationisassociatedwithincreasedregionalangiogenesisanddegradationofcollagenIV,themajorcomponentofthebasallamina,instroke-pronespontaneouslyhypertensiveratswithhigh-sodiumwater-inducedfocalcerebralinfarction.

简介：Multiplesclerosis(MS)isachronicautoimmunediseaseofthecentralnervoussystem(CNS)characterizedbycoexistingprocessesofinflammation,demyelination,axonalneurodegeneration,andgliosis.Itisthemostcommondisablingneurologicaldiseaseinyoungadulthood.Althoughautoimmuneinflammationcontributestoaxonalpathology

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