简介：UnderstandingthecomplexphenomenainBFhearthisessentialtoincreasefurnaceproductivityandtoextendfurnacecampaign.Wehavedevelopedseveralcontinuum-basedmathematical/numericalmodelstosimulatethemulti-phaseflow,heattransferandchemicalreactionsintheBFhearth.Thesemodelshavegeneratedanimprovedinsightonthemechanismsforliquiddrainageefficiency,liningerosionandwallprotectioninBFhearthunderoperationalconditions.Thecurrentpapergivesanoverviewofthesestudiesinthreeaspects:Gasflowandpressureontheliquidsurface,andtheireffectonthedrainagecharacteristics;TheflowandtemperaturedistributionsofliquidironinBFhearth,andthetemperaturedistributionintherefractories;Finally,titaniumbehaviorsduetotitaniainjectiontoformTi(C,N)-richscaffoldonthehearthsurface,toprotectthehearthfromerosion.

简介：Inparticulatematerialtransfersystems,traditionalsheartestbasedsteadystateanalysiscanprovidesomeinsightintothestrengthofthebulkmaterialandsubsequentresistivefrictionalforcesduringflow.Forfastflowingtransferpoints,dynamicflowconditionsdominateandadditionalmodellingtechniquesarerequiredtoimprovedesignguidance.Theresearchpresentedshowstheevolutionofadesignsolutionwhichutilisestwodistinctprocesses;acontinuummethodandadiscreteelementmethod(DEM).Initially,theinternalstructureofdensegranularflow,downverticalandinclinedpipeswasinvestigatedusingatwinsensor,12electrodeelectricalcapacitancetomographydevice.Subsequently,DEMsimulationswereconductedusingthecommercialsoftware,PFC3D.Initially,twoparticletypesandtheirflowbehaviourswereanalysed:plasticpelletsandsand.Thepipeanglewasvariedbetween0°and45°tothevertical.Forboththeplasticpelletsandthesand,goodqualitativeagreementwasfoundwiththespatialparticleconcentrationanalysis.Generally,theflowhadadenseparticleregionatitscorewiththeparticleconcentrationreducingawayfromthiscore.Asexpected,at0°,thecorewascentrallylocatedwithinthepipeforboththeplasticpelletsandsand.Atpipeangles5°orgreater,thedensecoreofparticleswaslocatedonornearthepipewall.Averageflowvelocityanalysiswasalsoconductedusingtheresultsofwallfrictiontestanalysis.ThevelocitycomparisonsalsoshowedgoodagreementbetweentheECTimageanalysisandtheDEMsimulations.Subsequently,theDEMmethodwasusedtoanalyseacomplextransfersystem(orchute)withthecontinuummethodprovidingcomparativeflowanalysiswiththeDEMflowanalysis.

简介：Inthedirectfiredfurnaceofacontinuousannealingline,sealrollsaresusceptibletodeformationthatleadstosurfacedefectsofsteelstrips.Accordingtofailureanalysis,thereasonsincludeimproperstructuraldesignandheatimbalance.Animproveddesignhasbeenproposedtoreducestressconcentrationandthermalradiation.Aheattransfermodelhasbeenemployedtodeterminetheproperwaterflowrateforrollcooling.Industrialapplicationprovesthatsealrollswiththenewdesignhaslessdeformationandlongerservicelife.