简介：ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＤＩＭＥＴＨＹＬＳＵＬＦＩＤＥＩＮＴＨＥＲＥＭＯＴＥＭＡＲＩＮＥＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＬＡＹＥＲＺｈｅｎｇＭｉｎ（郑敏）ａｎｄＬｉＸｉｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ（李兴生）ＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＤＩＭＥＴＨＹ...

简介：Intheevaluationofsomesimulationsystems,onlysmallsamplesdataaregottenduetothelimitedconditions.Inallusiontotheevaluationproblemofsmallsampledata,anintervalestimationapproachwiththeimprovedgreyconfidencedegreeisproposed.Onthebasisofthedefinitionofgreydistance,threekindsofdefinitionofthegreyweightforeverysampleelementingreyestimatedvalueareputforward,andthentheimprovedgreyconfidencedegreeisdesigned.Inaccordancewiththenewconcept,thegreyintervalestimationforsmallsampledataisdeduced.Furthermore,thebootstrapmethodisappliedformoreaccurategreyconfidenceinterval.Throughresamplingofthebootstrap,numeroussmallsampleswiththecorrespondingconfidenceintervalscanbeobtained.Thenthefinalconfidenceintervaliscalculatedfromtheunionofthesegreyconfidenceintervals.Intheend,thesimulationsystemevaluationusingtheproposedmethodisconducted.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthereasonableconfidenceintervalisacquired,whichdemonstratesthefeasibilityandeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.

简介：BasedonBiot'sconsolidationtheory,atwo-dimensionalmodelforcomputationoftheseabedresponsetowavesispresentedwiththefiniteelementmethod.Numericalresultsfordifferentwaveconditionsareobtained,andtheeffectsofwavenon-linearityonthewave-inducedseabedresponseareexamined.Moreover,thewave-inducedmomentaryliquefactioninuniformandinhomogeneousseabedsisinvestigated.Itisshownthatthewavenon-linearityaffectsthedistributionofthewave-inducedporepressureandeffectivestresses,whiletheinfluenceofwavenon-linearityontheseabedliquefactionpotentialisnotsosignificant.

简介：Inthispaper,experimentresultsaboutEastAsiaclimatefromfiveCGCMsaredescribed.Theabilityofthemodelstosimulatepresentclimateandthesimulatedresponsetoincreasedcarbondioxidearebothcovered.Theresultsindicatethatallmodelsshowsubstantialchangesinclimatewhencarbondioxideconcentrationsaredoubled.Inparticular,thestrongsurfacewarmingathighlatitudesinwinterandthesignificantincreaseofsummerprecipitationinthemonsoonareaareproducedbyallmodels.RegionalevaluationresultsshowthatthesefiveCGCMsareparticularlygoodinsimulatingspatialdistributionofpresentclimate.ThemaincharacteristicsoftheseasonalmeanH500,SAT,MSLPfieldcanbesimulatedbymostCGCMs.ButtherearesignificantsystematicerrorsinSAT,MSLP,HS00fieldsinmostmodels.Onthewhole,DKRZOPYCisthebestinsimulatingthepresentclimateinEastAsia.

简介：AnapproachisproposedtorealizeadigitalchannelizedreceiverinthefractionalFourierdomain(FRFD)forsignalinterceptapplications.ThepresentedarchitecturecanbeconsideredasageneralizationofthatinthetraditionalFourierdomain.Sincethelinearfrequencymodulation(LFM)signalhasagoodenergyconcentrationintheFRFD,bychoosinganappropriatefractionalFouriertransform(FRFT)order,thepresentedarchitecturecanconcentratethebroadbandLFMsignalintoonlyonesub-channelandthatwillpreventitfromcrossingseveralsub-channels.Thustheperformanceofthesignaldetectionandparameterestimationafterthesub-channeloutputwillbeimprovedsignificantly.Thecomputationalcomplexityisreducedenormouslyduetotheimplementationofthepolyphasefilterbankdecomposition,thustheproposedarchitecturecanberealizedasefficientlyasintheFourierdomain.Therelatedsimulationresultsarepresentedtoverifythevalidityofthetheoriesandmethodsinvolvedinthispaper.

简介：AbstractObjective:Proficiency in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery requires both substantial baseline training and progressive lifelong learning. Endoscopic simulation models continue to evolve in an effort to optimize trainee education and preoperative preparation and improve surgical outcomes. The current scoping review systematically reviews all available literature and synthesizes the current paradigms of simulation models for endoscopic skull base surgery training and skill enhancement.Methods:In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Studies were categorized according to the type of simulation models investigated.Results:We identified 238 unique references, with 55 studies ultimately meeting inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 studies described cadaveric dissection models, 17 discussed three-dimensional (3D) printed models, 14 examined virtual surgical planning and augmented reality-based models, and five 5 articles described task trainers.Conclusions:There are a wide variety of simulation models for endoscopic skull base surgery, including high-fidelity cadaveric, virtual reality, and 3D-printed models. These models are an asset for trainee development and preoperative surgical preparation.

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简介：与大气的研究(PSU-NCAR)Mesoscale模型(公里)的第五产生的宾夕法尼亚州的University-U.S.National中心的Reisner-2体积microphysicalparameterization，这篇论文调查台风Chanchu.Four不同microphysical敏感实验的microphysical敏感与一个目的被设计在modulating紧张预报和敏感实验的typhoon.The集合的微视物理学预算评估他们的各自的影响被进行那c

简介：我们在场为行人的模拟的一个导出的基于格子的模型流动。在行人之中的相互作用在某个邻居以内被看作力量的结果。不同于社会力量模型，作为在牛顿的物理，这里的力量与距离的平方的逆成正比。尽管有邻居和内在的格子的观点，这个模型不同于存在细胞的自动机(CA)当模特儿因为行人被当作个人。Bresenham为线rastering的算法在步计算被使用。

简介：Hydroxyapatitebioceramics被使用有限元素方法模仿(女性)。孔，洞形状，快克的角度和陶艺上的另外的参数的影响被分析。结果随在快克和水平方向之间的角度的增加显示出那，压力紧张因素K我逐渐地减少，但是压力紧张因素KII起初增加然后它减少。当在快克和水平方向之间的角度是TSMC的450.18m标准互补金属氧化物半导体逻辑时，KII的价值到达最大值，布局尺寸是229.04mc压缩机片的性能作为BLS质量被改进流动率增加。最佳BLS是大约1.2%。公司耀?耀？？

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简介：Numericalsimulationsbasedonthefinite-difference-time-domain(FDTD)approximationtomulti-fluidequationsforpositiveions,negativeionsandelectronsareusedtostudyhighfrequencyelectromagneticwavepropagationandabsorptioninanunmagnetizedplasmalayer.Theinteractionbetweentheincidenthighfrequencywaveandtheplasmalayershowsthattheexistenceofnegativeionsandthenonlineareffectreducesthepowerabsorptioncapabilityoftheplasma.Parameterdependencesoftheeffectsarecalculatedanddiscussed.

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简介：Underforcedventilation,thedustdiffusionofundergroundpowerhouseconstructionisinvestigatedusinga3DhighReynoldsnumberk-εmodel.Theinterfacialmomentumtransfersandthewallroughnessinthewallfunctionareconsidered.VentilationinthethirdlayerofundergroundpowerhouseofXiangjiabahydropowerstationisusedasacase.Thegeometricstructurehasadecisiveeffectontheairflowdistribution.Itisconcludedthatthedustconcentrationdecreasesgraduallywiththeincreaseoftheventilationtime.However,iso-concentrationcurveshavethesametendencyafter1800s.Thedustconcentrationmeetstheventilationanddust-preventionhealthstandardafter2300s.ThepredictionbythepresentmodelisconfirmedbytheexperimentalmeasurementbyNakayama.

简介：在天津从Tanggu区域基于观察数据，一个back-propagationneural网络(BPNN)模型被介绍由于地下水的利用预言可能的陆地沉淀。根据在各种各样的假想抽取情形下面的模型评价，在Tanggu区域的陆地沉淀的模式被学习并且讨论。Tanggu的预言的平均背景陆地沉淀率是9.47mm/a。到陆地沉淀的含水土层的贡献的意义下降单位Ⅳ有序，Ⅲ，Ⅴ，Ⅱ。陆地沉淀趋于随全部的抽取率的增加败坏。

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简介：NumericalsimulationsofextremewavegenerationarecarriedoutbyusingtheVolumeOfFluid(VOF)method.Extremewavesaregeneratedbasedonwavefocusingina2-Dnumericalmodel.TovalidatethecapabilityoftheVOF-basedmodeldescribedinthisarticle,thepropagationofregularwavesiscomputedandcomparedwiththetheoreticalresults.Byadjustingthephasesofwavecomponents,extremewavesareformedatgiventimeandgivenpositioninthecomputation.Thenumericalresultsarecomparedwiththeoreticalsolutionsandexperimentaldata.ItisconcludedthatthepresentmodelbasedontheVOFtechniquecanprovideacceptablyaccuratenumericalresultstoservepracticalpurposes.

简介：Thermodynamicpropertiesoffluidsareessentialfortheunderstandingofthegeochemicalbehaviorofvariousprocesses,Thepaperintroducesthemostupdatedcomputermodelingandsimulationmethodsinthestudyofthermodynamicsofgeofluids,inclduingsemiempiricalmodels(suchasequationofstate)andmoleculardynamicsandMonteCarlosimulation.Awell-establishedsemi-empiricalmodelcaninterpolateandextrapolateexperimentaldataandyieldmuchphysicochemicalinformation.Computermodelingmayproduce'experimentaldata'yieldmuchphysicochemicalinformation.Computermodelingmayproduce'experimentaldata'evenunderexperimentallydifficultconditions.Theyprovideimportantmethodsforthestudyofgeologicalfluidsystemsonthequantitativebasis.

简介：第五产生的宾夕法尼亚州的University/NCARMesoscaleModelVersion3(MM5V3)被用来在1999年6月在长江盆上模仿极端重降雨事件。模型极端气候事件上的水平、垂直的决定的效果详细被调查。原则上，模型能描绘每月重的降水的空间分发。结果显示水平分辨率的增加能减少建模的大雨的偏爱并且相当在学习时期期间模仿每日的降水的变化。导致的一个更好的垂直决定显然与更小的偏爱改进降雨模拟，并且因此，更好解决重降雨事件。在水平、垂直的分辨率的Theincrease能生产重降雨事件的更好的预言。在不同水平、垂直的格子间距的情况中改变的不仅降雨模拟，而且另外的气象学的领域在模型以决定变化表明了多样的变化。在模仿的海平面气压的明显的改进源于水平分辨率的增加，但是模拟对垂直格子间距感觉迟钝。垂直分辨率的增加能在底层提高地面温度以及大气循环的模拟，当在中间、上面的层次的循环的模拟在改变分辨率上被发现是少得多依赖时。另外，积云parameterization计划显示出高敏感到水平分辨率。Differentconvective计划关于改变分辨率在降雨模拟展出了大差异。在Grell计划的对流降水的百分比与增加水平分辨率增加了。相反，Kain-Pritsch计划引起了对流降水的减少的比率总计相应于增加水平分辨率的降雨累积。

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