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简介:对双季稻田水量转换10年(1991~2000年)定位观测,以及模拟不同水源条件的稻田水管理模式,解析田间水量转换的5年(1998~2002年)实验结果表明,稻田不同水管理田间水量转换有明显差异,常规管理田间耗水量的分配为:腾发量占总耗水量1/2,翻耕整地占1/6,植物构成占1/21,田间渗漏占1/14,其他环境耗水(维持)占1/5.长年水层灌溉田间腾发量和维持性环境耗水量偏大;耕灌雨养管理翻耕整地和田间渗漏耗水比例过高.水分生产力(以年度单位面积上每耗水1mm的产量计为kg/(mm·hm2·a)),稻谷产量,长年水层灌溉与常规管水一致,为6.65kg/(mm·hm2·a),耕灌雨养处理较低,为6.13kg/(mm·hm2·a).群体光合累积效应处理间差异表现与产量差异表现相同,早稻差异很小,晚稻差异显著.叶片水分生产效率,早稻以水层灌溉最大,晚稻是常规管理最大,耕灌雨养处理早晚稻都较小.不同生育期这种大小关系也有变化.
简介:建设国家湿地公园,注重湿地保护、宣传和教育、湿地合理利用,是缓解湿地资源保护与城市化进程矛盾的可行举措,也是《湿地公约》所提倡的发展方向。截至2017年底,中国已有国家湿地公园898处,有效缓解了湿地保护的压力。但是,国家湿地公园发展速度过快,也出现了"重申报、轻建设"、发展不平衡、结构不尽合理、同质化严重等问题。在分析中国国家湿地公园建设现状、存在问题的基础上,从供给侧改革角度出发,提出在湿地生态保护提升、科普及宣传和教育能力建设、生态旅游竞争力提高、科研监测和成果转化4方面挖掘国家湿地公园的供给潜力;提出总体布局结构优化、培育投资参与新主体及推动管理改革、提高民众参与度等对策措施,以期为"十三五"期间科学、合理地建设国家湿地公园提供参考。