简介:岩溶石漠化是广西脆弱生态恢复建设中面临的突出生态环境问题.以1988、1998和2008年3个时相的TM/ETM卫星数据为主要信息源,综合碳酸盐空间分布图、石漠化状况实地调查结果和历史资料,基于3S技术,构建岩溶石漠化遥感监测和分级评价模型,研究广西平果县岩溶区石漠化空间分布特征及演变规律.结果表明:1)岩溶石漠化遥感监测和分级评价模型能够反映平果县石漠化状况,基本符合实地调查结果;2)平果县岩溶石漠化主要分布在该县西南部和中部,1988-2008年,平果县总体石漠化程度经历了稍加重然后逐渐变轻的变化趋势,石漠化呈现动态、缓慢、反复、可治理等特点.建议采取先易后难、逐步改善的治理策略.研究结果可为中国西南岩溶石漠化治理和区域生态建设的宏观决策提供参考.
简介:Sulfurtransformationin3soilsmaintainedinaclosedincubationsystemanditsavailabilitytoplantswereinvestigatedusingcarrier-free^35S-SO4^2-and^35S-labeledryegrassstraw.Forcarrier-freeNa2^35SO4treatment,78%,70%and64%of^35SappliedwerefoundinCa(H2PO4)2-extractaleSfraction,4%,5%and7%inslowlysolubleinorganicS,11%,15%and18%inC-O-S,5%,7%,and6%inC-bondedS,and5%,7%and6%inunidentifiedorganicS120daysafterincubationinblacksoil,cinnamonsoilandchestnutsoil,respectively.Mostof35Suptakebyplantscamefromextractable35SO4^2-,andlittlefromC-O-^35SandC-bonded^35S,Inthetreatmentwith35S-labeledstraw,51%,46%and36%of35SincorporatedwerefoundinCa(H2PO4)2-extractableSfraction,7%,6%and7%inslowlysolubleinorganicS,13%,15%and18%inC-O-S,8%,8%and6%inC-bondedS,and18%,25%and35%inunidentifiedorganicSattheendofincubationinabove-mentonedthreesoils,respectively.HigheravailabilityofC-O-35S,C-bonded35Sandunidentifiedorganic35Sfrom35S-labeledstrawwasobservedin35S-labeledstrawtreatmentcomparedtocarrier-freeNa2^35SO4treatment.
简介:FieldlysimetermethodwasemployedtoinvestigatethedownwardmovementandleachingofNappliedtosummercorn(ZeamayL.)ondrylandsoilinBeijing,AN-fertilizer(120kgNhm^-2)andacontroltreatmentwerarrangedforthestudy.Soilsolutionwascollectedatdepthsof20,40,60,120and170cm,whileleachtewasollectedatthebottom(220cm)ofthelysimeter,TheresultsshowedthatthedownwardmovementofNO3^-Ninsoilprofilewasgreatlyaffectedbyrainfallpattern.ThepeakofleachedNO3^-Nfrombothtreatmentscoincidedwiththepeakoftherainfall.Inaddition,leachedNO3^-Nfrombothtreatmentsandrainfallweresignificantlycorrelated(P<0.05).TheamountofleachedNO3^-NwasnotgreatintheN-fertilizertreatment,TheresultsalsosuggestedthatNfertilizationcouldcauseNO3^--Ncontaminationofgroundeaterduringtherainyseason.
简介:EctomycorrhizalfungusLaccariabicolorS238N,isolatedfromaforestsoilincentralFrancein1990s,hasdemonstratedunequivocallyandabilitytopromotepinegrowth.Inthepresentnurserybedexperiment,theabilityofthisectomycorrhizalfungustoincreasegrowthandPandKuptakeofDouglasFirseedlings(Zone22)wasexamined.Growthofinoculatedseedlingswasovertwice(plantheight)andthreetimes(biomass)thatofnon-inoculatedones.Similarly,boththeconcentrationsandtheamountsofPandKuptakebyseedlingsweresignificantlyincreasedbyfungalinoculation,indicatingtheimprovementofPandKnutritioninmycorrhizalseedlings.Incontrast,Al-Pinthesoilswasdecreasedobviouslybyplants,especiallybymycorrhizas,suggestingutilizationofthissoilPpoolbyplantsandmoreefficientAl-Pmobilizationbymycorrhizasthanbynomycorrhizas.Moreover,Kextractedby1mol/LHClfollowingconsecutiveextractionofH2OandCH3COONH4,whichmaynotbeplantavailable,couldbeutilizedbyfunguscoloniedroots.ThiscouldbeexplainedbythereleaseofprotonsandoxalatebyhypaewhichleadstoreplacementofinterlayerKinnonexpanded2:1claymineralsandbio-weatheringofphyllosilicates.
简介:Soiltestforavailabilityofnutrientsandheavymetalsisextensivelyservedasameansfortheevaluationsofsoilfertility,andenvironmentaleffectsandphytotoxicityofpollutantsinsoils,andforthefertilizerrecommendationinagriculturalandenvironmentalsciences.Therefore,greatattentionhasbeenpaidtothemeasurementofelementalavailabilityinsoiltest.
简介:心土酸味限制根生长并且在世界的许多部分减少庄稼收益。多于氮(N)在庄稼生产使用了的化肥的一半是当前输了到环境。这研究试图在到没有为止玉米(ZeamaysL.)在N化肥的效率上调查石膏申请的效果在南部的巴西的生产。一个地实验检验了适用表面的石膏的效果(0,5,10,和15Mg哈1)和穿衣顶的铵硝酸盐(NH4没有3)(60,120,和180kgN哈玉米根长度,N举起,和谷物产量上的1)。一个温室实验用从地实验地点收集不评估3-N与适用表面的石膏沥滤,N举起,和根长度的没受到干扰的土壤列被进行(0和10Mg哈1)和穿衣顶的NH4没有3(0和180kgN哈1)。心土酸味的改善由于石膏申请,增加的玉米根生长,N举起,谷物收益,和N使用效率。到土壤表面的适用的石膏由19%-38%和N的部分因素生产率增加了玉米谷物产量(PFP由27%-38%的N),取决于N申请率。没受到干扰的土壤列温室实验的结果证明由石膏申请的N使用效率的那改进由于从在由于增加的玉米根长度的心土的没有3-N的更高的N举起。我们的结果建议有在一个到没有为止玉米系统的石膏的那改善心土酸味能增加N使用效率,改进谷物产量,并且减少由于沥滤的没有3-N的环境风险。
简介:An80-dincubationexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatestrawdecomposition,theprimingeffectandmicrobialcharacteristicsinanon-fertilizedsoil(soil1)andalong-termorganicmanure-fertilizedsoil(soil2)withandwithout13C-labeledmaizestrawamendmentunderdifferentmoisturelevels.Thesoil2showedamarkedlyhigherprimingeffect,microbialbiomassC(Cmic),andβ-glucosidaseactivity,andmoreabundantpopulationsofbacteriaandfungithanthesoil1.Also,soilCO2emission,Cmic,β-glucosidaseactivity,andbacterialandfungalpopulationsizesweresubstantiallyenhancedbystrawamendment.Inthepresenceofstraw,theamountofstrawmineralizationandassimilationbymicrobesinthesoilat55%ofwaterholdingcapacity(WHC)weresignificantlyhigherby31%and17%,respectively,comparedtothoseat25%ofWHC.Incontrast,β-glucosidaseactivityandfungalpopulationsizewerebothenhancedasthemoisturecontentdecreased.Cmicdecreasedasstrawavailabilitydecreased,whichwasmainlyattributedtothereductionofstraw-derivedCmic.Amendedsoils,excepttheamendedsoil2at25%ofWHC,hadamoreabundantfungalpopulationasstrawavailabilitydecreased,indicatingthatfungaldecomposabilityofaddedstrawwasindependentofstrawavailability.Non-metricmultidimensionalscalinganalysisbasedonfungaldenaturedgradientgelelectrophoresisbandpatternsshowedthatshiftsinthefungalcommunitystructureoccurredaswaterandstrawavailabilityvaried.Theresultsindirectlysuggestthatsoilfungiareabletoadjusttheirdegradationactivitytowaterandstrawavailabilitybyregulatingtheircommunitystructure.
简介:TOPMODEL(TopographyMODEL)为一半分布水文模式,是由英国兹里大学的Beven及Kirkby于1979年所发展,可以数学方式表示水文循环过程的模式,其概念简单、参数少、操作方便,近年来模式不断修正改进,更可与数值高程模型与地理资讯系统相配合,因此已受到国内外学者的青睐而广泛使用。TOPMODEL的应用范围甚广,由文献中得知其应用领域包括:模式评估、气候水文、原理探讨、网格分析与灾害预测等。本文介绍了TOPMODEL模式的原理与应用,并收集相关的文献(2001—2010年),就研究现况予以统计分析,为日后应用此模式相关研究提供参考。
简介:与一个改编微生物引起的社区接种土壤比有在bioremediation的纯紧张的接种是一条更有效的bioaugmentation途径。然而,从有在土壤补习改变污染层次和污染历史的地点的不同inocula的潜力的信息正在缺乏。学习的目的是在土壤inocula调查改编微生物的潜力,与不同污染层次和污染历史,到降级1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(1,2,4-TCB)。从污染chlorobenzene的地点的三不同土壤被接种进农业土壤和与1,2,4-TCB刺的土壤暂停文化。结果证明36.52%开始应用的1,2,4-TCB在非接种的土壤是在场的,而大约19.00%1,2,4-TCB在在28天孵化以后与污染土壤接种的农业土壤是在场的。与改编微生物引起的生物资源接种的土壤(在土壤inocula)比非接种的土壤显示出更高的呼吸和更低的1,2,4-TCB挥发,建议1,2,4-TCB的存在在为接种使用的污染土壤改编了degraders。它进一步在污染土壤暂停文化被证实无机的氯化物离子的集中在全部试验性的时期上连续地增加了。更高的降级潜力带到不仅而且到更高的残余形成的inocula的更高的污染。然而,甚至低级污染的inocula在提高1,2,4-TCB的降级是有效的。因此,适用改编了在土壤形式的微生物特别与更低的污染层次,inocula能是为土壤补习的有效、环境友好的策略。