简介：人口从生气betweenKoshihikari导出的BIL(回交近交系)(好吃和食欲品质，装饰用的梨树)并且Kasalath(差的质量，indica)被用来为直链淀粉内容(交流)分析QTL，gelatinization温度(GT)，胶化一致性(GC)和蛋白质内容(PC)。为交流的包括2的八主要效果的QTL，3为GT，2为GC并且1为PC被识别。而且，为交流的包括7的27epistaticQTL对，5为GT，4为GC和11forPC是当时，也检测了为交流和GT，有主要基因的一主要效果的QTL分别地被检测。因此，主要效果的QTL可能比epistaticQTL为当前的变化更负责。结果显示主要效果的QTL是那些特点的主要基因基础。为PC，epistaticQTL不管多么比主要效果的QTL解释了全部的变化的大得多的部分，建议epistaticloci是如此的特点的主要基因基础。在实验，染色体片断替换线(CSSL)被用来证实在BIL人口检测的知效应QTL的可靠性。为在BIL分析的4traits的8主要效果的QTL，6被证实，2由CSSL分析仍然保持未确证。

简介：研究在Kaptai水库被进行，之一最大人造东南亚洲的淡水湖，使用为钓鱼和其它决定水质量和它的适用性的现在的地位。水采样从在在五个不同地点从的0.2和0.8部分深度的水库的中间的部分对下游的viz在上游。Burburichara，Maichchari，Subolong，Basanthakum，和Rangamati。水分析证明NO3-N，K+和全部的P的集中，和根本，采样驻扎的推迟的固体在为鱼文化的推荐价值以外。Na+的集中，Ca2+，Mg2+，SO42?，Cl?，全部的溶解固体(TDS)，溶解的氧()并且化学的氧需求(货到付款)在为水产业的标准以内。NO3-N的集中，SO42?，K+和全部的P没与深度显示出明确的趋势，地点象一样多雨并且旱季。浇pH，传导性，Na+和HCO3吗？内容在雨季是更低的，并且做并且在在两个的几乎所有地点更高的货到付款深度，与旱季相比。TDS的全部的固体和集中，，货到付款，Ca2+，Mg2+和Na+是更高的在在上游、减少逐渐地向在水库下游。集中并且Ca2+和pH更高并且在0.2-fractional深度的Mg2+更少比那些在在几乎所有地点的0.8-fractional深度。水库处于包含NO3-N和全部的P的高集中的mesotrophic状况，在有从在镇附近的城市的污染的过多的推迟的固体的存在的惊人地位。为由于如此的恶化在水库保护水质量采用措施是必要的。

简介：Fuzzyassociationrules(FARs)canbepowerfulinassessingregionalsoilquality,acriticalsteppriortolandplanningandutilization;however,traditionalFARsminedfromsoilqualitydatabase,ignoringtheimportancevariabilityoftherules,canberedundantandfarfromoptimal.Inthisstudy,wedevelopedamethodapplyingdifferentweightstotraditionalFARstoimproveaccuracyofsoilqualityassessment.AftertheFARsforsoilqualityassessmentweremined,redundantruleswereeliminatedaccordingtowhethertherulesweresignificantornotinreducingthecomplexityofthesoilqualityassessmentmodelsandinimprovingthecomprehensibilityofFARs.Theglobalweights,eachrepresentingtheimportanceofaFARinsoilqualityassessment,werethenintroducedandrefinedusingagradientdescentoptimizationmethod.ThismethodwasappliedtotheassessmentofsoilresourcesconditionsinGuangdongProvince,China.Thenewapproachhadanaccuracyof87%,when15rulesweremined,ascomparedwith76%fromthetraditionalapproach.Theaccuracyincreasedto96%when32rulesweremined,incontrastto88%fromthetraditionalapproach.TheseresultsdemonstratedanimprovedcomprehensibilityofFARsandahighaccuracyoftheproposedmethod.

简介：持续农业生产具有到食物供应安全的重要重要性。这研究试图在北方中国平原(NCP)并且随后在县规模调查庄稼收益反应到土壤质量的空间可变性导出关键土壤质量指示物。土壤样品从表面(020厘米)在2008引用geo、拿并且表面下(2040厘米)在整个Fengqiu县的132块地里的层，在NCP的中心定位了，为随后的土壤性质的分析。年度庄稼收益从土壤样品是镇定的一样的领域被获得。土壤质量与13个土壤性质基于一个模糊集合被评估，并且它的空间分布被集成geostatistical分析和地理信息系统(GIS)调查技术。土壤质量索引被分类进五个等级，并且他们的空间分布在县以内被印射。表面土壤质量比表面下的土壤高是大约一～二个等级。质量索引因为表面和表面下的土壤断然与年度庄稼收益被联系，建议两个的重要性。土壤有机物，全部的氮，可得到的P，和可得到的K贡献了50%联合重量到土壤质量索引并且以可持续性在区域作为土壤质量地位的关键指示物被识别。

简介：Overaperiodoftwoyears,fieldexperimentswereconductedontwosiltyloamsoilsgrownwithfoursolanaceousvegetablecropsofeggplant(var.serpentinumBailey),tomato(var.communeBailey),sweetpepper(var.grossumBailey)andchilli(var.lengumBailey),respectively.Eachexperimentincludedfourtreatmentswithfromlowtohighdoses,0～450kgha-1foreggplant,tomatoandsweetpepper,and0～270kgha-1forchilli,ofKfertilizersintheformofsulfateofpotash(SOP)appliedtogetherwithNandPfertilizers.OneCKtreatmentwithoutK,NandPfertilizersappliedandonetreatmentofKfertilizerintheformofmuriateofpotash(MOP)appliedatthehighlevel(450kgha-i)togetherwithNandPfertilizerswereincludedintheexperimentsofeggplant,inordertocomparetheeffectsofSOPandMOP.ThefruityieldsofthetestedcropsincreasedsignificantlywiththeincreasingrateofKapplication.ThecropssuppliedwithKfertilizersyieldedmorestablyastheCV%oftheiryieldsdecreasedwiththerateofKapplication.ThedrymatterandvitaminCcontentsinfruitsoftomato,sweetpepperandchilli,andthesugarcontentandthetitratableacidityleveloftomatofruitswereincreased,andtheS/Aratio(ratioofsugarcontenttotitratableacidity)oftomatofruitsweredecreasedbyKfertilization,indicatingthatKfertilizationcouldimprovethefruitqualityofthesolanaceousvegetablecrops.However,thehighrateofKfertilizermightlowerthedrymatterandvitaminCcontentsoftomatofruitsandsweetpepperfruits.SOPwasmoreeffectivethanMOPinincreasingtheyieldandqualityofeggplantfruitsatthehighfertilizationrate;therefore,thechoiceofapplyingSOPmaybebetterforhighlevelsofKfertilization.

简介：Successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityoflarchplantationsinfirstrotationatdifferentdevelopmentstages,successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityofyoungstandoflarchplantationsinsecondrotationandtherelationshipbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsoforganicphosphorusandinorganicphosphoruswerestudiedinmountainousareaofeasternpartofNortheasternChina.Theresultsshowedthatactiveacidity(pHvalue)inrhizospheresoildecreasedcontinuallywithstandageincreasingfromyoungstand,half-maturestand,nearmaturestandtomaturestand,butactiveacidity(pHvalue)innon-rhizospheresoil,exchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,totalhydrolyticacidity,andtheratioofexchangeacidityandtotalhydrolyticacidityinrhizospheresoilandinnon-rhizospheresoilincreasedapparently;totalorganicP,moderatelyresistantorganicP,andhighlyresistantorganicPinsoildecreasedatallagestagesinlarchplantationswhensoilacidityadded.Forrhizospheresoilofallstandsoflarchplantationsatdifferentdevelopmentstages,therewaspositivecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinyoungstand),Al-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Fe-P(exceptinnearmaturestandandmaturestand),O-P(exceptinyoungstand),andsoilactiveacidity,respectively;Forrhizospheresoil,therewasnegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Al-P(exceptinyoungstand),O-P,andexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,therewasalsonegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P,Al-P(exceptinyoungstandandhalf-maturestand),Fe-P,O-P,andtotalhydrolyticacidityrespectively.Forrhizospheresoil,thecorrelationcoefficientbetweenCa-P,O-Pandtotalhydrolyticaciditydecreased,respectively,asstandagesupandthatbetweenFe-Pandexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminiumincreased,respectively,asstandagesgrew.Fornon-rhizospheresoil,therewasnotsignificantcorrelationbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsofinorganicphosphorusandorganicphosphorus,respective

简介：为高度产生降级的土壤的可持续性的一个重要因素是监视即时并且写实地反映不同收割系统在土壤上强加的变化的工具的使用。为了选择，在甘蔗(SaccharumofficinarumL.)玷污优秀指示物变量在管理辨别完成敏感的标准到管理惯例和在季节之间一致性的生产区域，十件合成土壤样品(010厘米)在器官的甘蔗(OS)的耕作下面从区域在2006年3月(旱季)在2005年7月(雨季)并且再被收集，绿甘蔗(GS)，烧的甘蔗(BS)并且从一个邻近的本国的森林(NF)在UsinaTriunfo的区域，BocadaMata，Alagoas，巴西。微生物引起的biomass-C(MBC)，全部的器官的C(TOC)，表示为水解作用，水马厩土壤总数(MWD)的吝啬的重量直径，和水马厩宏的百分比聚集的荧光黄diacetate(食物及药品管理局)(PWSA)的率的土壤酶活动被分析。尽管MBC和TOC比在栽培区域在NF是更高的，没有差别在在三个甘蔗系统之间的这些C水池被观察。到地点管理的食物及药品管理局的反应依赖于采样时间。在多雨的时期，这项活动跟随了顺序：NF>OS>GS>BS在旱季，仅仅NF不同于另外的处理。不管采样时间，MWD和PWSA在顺序NF减少了>OS=GS>BS。变量MWD和PWSA为不管怎样在地点管理历史之间区别是相当敏感的采样季节。

简介：Theeffectsofmoisturecontent(8%,10%and12%),variety(TaromandFajr)andparboilingonmillingqualityofriceasafunctionofmillingrecovery(MR),headriceyield(HRY),degreeofmilling(DOM)andwhitenesswereinvestigated.Theparboiledgrainswaspreparedwiththreesoakingtemperaturesof25oC,50oCand75oCandthreesteamingtimesof10,15and20min.Asaresultofparboiling,theincreasingratesofMRandHRYvalueswere7.8%and14.3%forTaromand9.8%and10.0%forFajr,respectively,andthedecreasingratesforDOMandwhitenesswere6.6%and10.8%forTaromand6.8%and10.5%forFajr,respectively.Moreover,decreasingmoisturecontentto8%maximizedMR(75.8%forTaromand74.3%forFajr)andHRY(65.8%forTaromand57.0%forFajr)whileincreasingthatto12%revealedmaximumvaluesofDOM(6.1%forTaromand6.2%forFajr)andwhiteness(24.8%forTaromand28.2%forFajr).

简介：TaihuLakeregionisoneofthemostindustrializedareasinChina,andthesurfacewaterisprogressivelysusceptibletoanthropogenicpollution.Thephysicochemicalparametersofsurfacewaterqualityweredeterminedat20samplingsitesinTaihuLakeregion,Chinainspring,summer,autumn,andwinterseasonsof2005-2006toassesstheeffectofhumanactivitiesonthesurfacewaterquality.Principalcomponentanalysis(PCA)andclusteranalysis(CA)wereusedtoidentifycharacteristicsofthewaterqualityinthestudiedwaterbodies.PCAextractedthefirstthreeprincipalcomponents(PCs),explaining80.84%ofthetotalvarianceoftherawdata.Especially,PC1(38.91%)wasassociatedwithNH4-N,totalN,solublereactivephosphorus,andtotalP.PC2(22.70%)wascharacterizedbyNO3-Nandtemperature.PC3(19.23%)wasmainlyassociatedwithpHanddissolvedorganiccarbon.CAshowedthatstreamswereinfluencedbyurbanresidentialsubsistenceandlivestockfarmingcontributedsignificantlytoPC1throughouttheyear.ThestreamsinfluencedbyfarmlandrunoffcontributedmosttoPC2inspringandwintercomparedwithotherstreams.PC3wasaffectedmainlybyaquicultureinspring,ruralresidentialsubsistenceinsummer,andlivestockfarminginfallandwinterseasons.FurtheranalysesshowedthatfarmlandscontributedsignificantlytonitrogenpollutionofTaihuLake,whileurbanresidentialsubsistenceandlivestockfarmingalsopollutedwaterqualityofTaihuLakeinrainyseason.TheresultswouldbehelpfulfortheauthoritiestotakesoundactionsforaneffectivemanagementofwaterqualityinTaihuLakeregion.

简介：Inordertobetterunderstandthereasonswhyeucalyptveneercheckseasilyandseverely,woodsamplesofthreeeucalyptspecieswereselected,andtheiranatomicalandphysicalpropertieswereexaminedaccordingtoconventionalmethodsandthenationalstandards.Theeffectsofvariancesincellwallthicknessofwoodfibreandvessel,anddiameterofthecelllumenaswellasthetissueratioonthequalityofplywoodveneerwereanalysed.Theresultsshowthat:1)ThereisagreatdifferenceinfibrecellwallthicknessanddiameterofthecelllumenbetweenearlywoodandlatewoodofEucalyptusdelegatensis.2)E.obliquahasahighwoodfibretissueratioandthethickestfibrecellwall,butthedifferenceinthefibrecellwallthicknessbetweenearlywoodandlatewoodisthesmallest.3)ThewoodfibretissueratioofE.regnansissmallerthanthatofE.obliqua,anditswoodfibrecellwallisthethinnestandthereisonlyaverysmalldifferenceinfibrecellwallthicknessbetweenearlywoodandlatewood.Thedifferenceinthediameterofwoodfibrecelllumenamongearlywood,transitionareaandlatewoodisalsosmall.4)E.delegatensishasthehighesttangentialshrinkagerateandradial-tangentialshrinkagerate,andE.obliquahasthelowest.Itisthevariabilityofwoodanatomicalpropertiesofthesespeciesthatcausethedifferenceintheveneershrinkage,andthenaffectsplywoodveneerquality.

简介：我们调查了高地和稻装饰用的梨树大米怎么在二个耕作方法下面对磷的(P)化肥作出回应。高地米饭Zhonghan3和稻米饭Yangfujing8两个都在潮湿的耕作下面被种(MC，控制)并且有三P的赤裸的干燥耕作(DC)铺平，低(LP，45kg/hm2)，正常(NP，90kg/hm2)并且高(HP，135kg/hm2)。当P水平增加了，高地和稻米饭的谷物收益在DC下面增加了。为任何一个米饭在在HP和NP之间的谷物收益没有重要差别，尽管高地米饭稍微增加了，稻米饭稍微在谷物产量减少了。在在LP的DC下面，Zhonghan3显示出更高级的头milled米饭率和更好的外观，煮并且吃比在HP或NP的质量。Yangfujing8类似于Zhonghan3除了之外Yangfujing8最好在NP的外观质量。在MC下面，Zhonghan3让更高级的头milled米饭在在NP的质量的LP并且更好的煮并且吃评价。除了在外观质量，Yangfujing8类似于Zhonghan3。DC改进了高地和稻米饭的头milled米饭率和外观质量，并且煮并且稻米饭的滋养的质量。与稻米饭相比，高地米饭最好处理、滋养、吃的质量。结果建议高地和稻米饭对耕作方法和磷水平不同地作出回应。

简介：Weconductedastudytofindoutifarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungi(Acaulosporascrobiculata,Scutellosporacalospora)andphosphatesolubilizingbacteria(PSB,Paenibacilluspolymyxa)inoculationeitherindividuallyorincombinationscanimproveAcaciaauriculiformisseedlinggrowth,uptakeofnutrientsandqualityinaphosphorusdeficienttropicalAlfisol.Theseedlingswereassessedforvariousgrowthandnutrientuptakeparametersafter60daysoftreatment.InoculationwithP.polymyxastimulatedmycorrhizalformation.Seedlingheight,stemgirth,taprootlength,numberofleavesandleafarea,plantdrymatterproduction,nodulation,andnodulardryweightweresignificantlyhigherforseedlingsthatwereeitherdualinoculatedortripleinoculatedcomparedtoindividualinoculationofAMfungiorPSB,anduninoculatedseedlings.DualandtripleapplicationofAMfungiandPSBalsosignificantlyimprovedthenutrientcontentsofshootsandrootsandnutrientuptakeefficiencies.ThecalculatedseedlingqualityindexesoftheAMfungiandPSBinoculatedseedlingwere25–208%higherthanuninoculatedseedlings.ThesefindingsshowthatA.auriculiformisseedlingswhendualinoculatedortripleinoculatedperformedbetterthanseedlingsinoculatedwiththemicrobesindividuallyandcomparedwithuninoculatedcontrolseedlings.Weconcludethatbioinoculationisimportantfortheproductionofhigh-qualityA.auriculiformisseedlingsintreenurseriesforplantinginnutrientdeficientsoils.

简介：AnefficientandgoodDNAextractionprotocolshouldbesimple,affordableandyieldenoughDNAwithhighquality.Rice(OryzasativaL.)DNAextractionmethodsoftenuseseedlingsorleavesratherthanthegrainsandtendtobetime-consuming,involvemultiplesteps,andusehazardouschemicalsandexpensiveenzymes.RicegrainsofferseveralbenefitsoverseedlingsandleavesasasourceofDNAforgeneticanalysis.However,thesebenefitsareunderutilizedbecausethebulkofaricegrainismadeupofstarch.Itisparticularlyimportant,butdifficulttogetridofthestarchwhileextractingDNAfromricegrains.Thisco-precipitatedpolysaccharideisaknowninhibitorofDNApolymeraseactivityinpolymerasechainreaction(PCR).WedescribehereaverysimpleandhighlyaffordableChelex?-100basedDNAextractionmethodfromricegrains.Itdoesnotrequireanyhazardouschemicalsorenzymes.ThismethodreproduciblyextractsDNAwithgoodpurityindices(A260/A230andA260/A280values),butrequiresonlyafewsteps.

简介：有高度的一个装饰用的梨树变化和它的iso突变而产生之遗传因子的异种被用来到ering能力为止在谷物产量和质量调查差别在之中到ers为止不同。Therewas在圆锥花序重量在之中的不同差别比异种在谷物为两遗传型充满，与Xiushui11让更大的增加在圆锥花序重量评价，并且更早在里面期间到达最大的圆锥花序重量到ers为止。在谷物产量和它的部件的二遗传型之间有大重要差别，与有更高的谷物产量的Xiushui11，更多的谷物tiller每比为各个的异种的圆锥花序，更高充满的谷物百分比和粒重打字。而且，重要差别在谷物产量和产量构成因素被发现在之中到为两遗传型的ers为止不同，每显示出最大的变化在上的圆锥花序与谷物数到在所有产量构成因素之中的ers为止。与Xiushui11相比，变异的有的更高的稻谷率和到稻谷的宽度的长度的更大的比率，和更低的白垩的米饭米饭评价，直链淀粉满足，并且蛋白质满足。而且，在谷物质量在之中有重要差别到在为两遗传型的植物以内的ers为止，与以后开始了到比早开始的处于白垩的米饭率，直链淀粉和蛋白质内容是更低的ers为止。很优秀的参数在之中的变化到在内的ers为止，植物比为Xiushui11为异种是显著地更大的。

简介：Afieldexperimentwasconductedfrom1999to2002tocompareandevaluatetheeffectsofnutrientandwaterregimesonpaddysoilqualitybyinvestigatingsoilchemicalandmicrobiologicalparameters.Fournutrientregimes,acontrol,chemicalfertilizersonly(CF),chemicalfertilizerswithswinemanure(SM),andchemicalfertilizerswithwheatstraw(WS),andtwosoilmoistureregimes,continuouswaterlogging(CWL)andalternatewettinganddrying(AWD),wereinvestigated.WithSMandWStotalorganiccarbonandtotalnitrogeninthepaddysoilweresignificantlyhigher(P＜0.05)thanthosewithCF.AsimilareffectfororganicamendmentswasobservedinthesoillightfractionorganicC(LFOC),water-solublecarbohydrates(WSC),andwater-solubleorganicC(WSOC).CWL,inparticularwhenswinemanurewasincorporatedintothepaddysoil,markedlydecreasedsoilredoxpotential(Eh)andincreasedtotalactivereducingsubstances(ARS).Meanwhile,ascomparedtoCF,SMandWSsignificantly(P＜0.05)increasedsoilmicrobialbiomassC(MBC)andmineralizablecarbon,withdifferencesinAWDbeinghigherthanCWL.Inaddition,SMandWStreatmentssignificantly(P＜0.05)improvedriceabove-groundbiomassandgrainyield,withAWDbeinggreaterthanCWL.Thus,forecologicallysustainableagriculturalmanagementofpaddysoils,long-termwaterloggingshouldbeavoidedwhenorganicmanurewasincorporatedintopaddysoil.

简介：在50个非粘的米饭变化(线)的Wx基因的突变而产生之遗传的变化被使用微卫星标记RM190分析[为(CT)_n简单顺序重复(SSR)]并且劈开的放大多态的顺序(帽子)标记484/W2R-ACCI[为G/T单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)]。六同型结合(CT)_n打字，也就是(CT)_(20)，(CT)_(19)，(CT)_(18)，(CT)_(17)，(CT)_(16)，(CT)_(14)，(CT)_(11)并且(CT)_(10)，和异质接合的遗传型(CT)_(11)/(CT)_(18)为RM190被检测，哪个(CT)_(11)并且(CT)_(18)是占优势的。TwohomozygousWx遗传型(G/G和T/T)和遗传型异质接合(G/T)与RM190用材料的484/W2R-ACCI.Most被检测(CT)_(11)是为484/W2R-ACCI的SNP的G/G，当为SNPwas的T/T主要出现在材料与时(CT)_(18)。测试的材料能是一起使用二个标记的组织into10范畴。结果显示直链淀粉内容的59.3%变化被归因于RM190揭示的Wx基因的多型性，当在直链淀粉的56.1%变化和24.6%内容和胶化一致性是时分别地由484/W2R-ACCI揭示了到Wxgene的多型性。与SSR和帽子标记，而且，在直链淀粉内容的72.4%变化能被解释。另外，使近交的二个标记的申请前景也被讨论。

简介：LuangPrabangProvinceislocatedwithinthearearecognizedasthecenterofrice(OryzasativaL.)diversityinLaoPDR.Thisstudyreportedongrainqualitycharacteristicsof60uplandriceseedsamplessharing49varietynamescollectedfrom6villagesinLuangPrabangin2015.Mostofthesampleshasnon-pigmentedpericarp,whileredpericarpwasfoundinfoursamplesandpurpleinfivesamples.Almostallofthesampleswereoflargegraintype,withglutinousendospermin70%andnon-glutinousendospermin30%.Thebrown(unpolished)ricewasfoundwithawiderangeofgrainnutritionalquality,includingprotein(9.2%±0.9%),Fe(15.9±6.9mg/kg),Zn(19.6±2.1mg/kg),anthocyanin(0.774±0.880mg/g),andanti-oxidativecapacity(2.071±1.373mg/g).Thevarietiessharingsimilarnameshadsimilarmorphologicalcharacteristicsbutvariedinnutritionalconcentration,withrequiredconfirmationingeneticvariationanalysis.Thisstudyfoundthatsomericevarietieswithhighgrainqualitymaybenefitthefarmersdirectlyorcouldbeusedinvarietalimprovementprograms.

简介：盆栽试验被进行学习不同的氮应用程序时间的效果(在期间直到ering或孕穗期)与一样，氮在颖果开发和米饭变化Yangdao6的谷物质量评价。增加的氮肥(脲)，特别在孕穗期期间适用，能显然增加milled，雪白大米率和蛋白质与控制(没有氮申请)相比在米饭满足谷物，并且减少白垩的谷物率和直链淀粉内容。而且，增加的氮肥显著地影响了颖果发展并且当氮适用在期间时，提高了粒重直到ering和孕穗期，特别在孕穗期期间。在颖果开发期间，增加的氮肥适用在期间直到ering和孕穗期能显然减少全部的淀粉和直链淀粉内容，然而并非显然为在米饭的胶淀粉内容谷物。氮肥的增加的顶肥，特别在孕穗期期间适用，在amyloplasts和proteinoplasts的发展和结构的有的重要效果。也就是说，它能改变分发，数并且amyloplasts和proteinoplastsin塑造特别在谷物腹部的内乳房间。与控制相比，amyloplasts和proteinoplasts的安排各是更靠近的，与更多的数字，更高的密度和更少的间隙星际ohter。而且，大多数amyloplasts在增加的氮肥水平下面显示出多面体。

简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

简介：到精选精英germplasms，从装饰用的梨树米饭栽培变种Wuyujing3导出的112异种被评估。象圆锥花序那样的收益部件每平方米数，谷物数字每圆锥花序，和谷物，重量被测量。象白垩的谷物(PCG)的百分比那样的优秀特点，稻谷收益(BRY)，milled米饭收益(MRY)，milling(DM)的度，直链淀粉内容(交流)，蛋白质内容(PC)，和在特点之中的关系是inverstigated。结果证明谷物产量每在谷物收益变化为94.64%贡献的平方米与6.4t/hm2的一个平均数和谷物的数字从2.15～12.49t/hm2。为优秀特点，所有米饭异种有短尺寸(谷物长度≤5.5 ；公里)并且大胆形状(到宽度比率=1.10-2.00的谷物长度)。大多数米饭异种(87.5%)低于20%有PCG价值。有的MRY重视甚于50%的所有异种，低于20%的交流值，和低于10%的PC值。白垩的谷物的百分比否定地显著地与MRY被相关并且断然与DM相关。BRY和MRY否定地显著地与DM被相关。PC显著地并且断然与MRY被相关并且否定地与DM相关，当交流没这些优秀特点地有重要关联时。有25米饭异种，完成了象白垩的谷物的低百分比那样的江苏标准装饰用的梨树米饭的主要要求，这被结束，低直链淀粉满意的、最佳的蛋白质内容，并且它能被用作精英germplasms。因此，识别的异种可以在米饭质量的改进导致重要进步。