简介:Afterthe1992UNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentinRiodeJaneiro,theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeenwidelyrecognizedallovertheworld.Morethan100countries,includingChina,haveadoptedsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesaccordingwiththeirownsituations.For20years,
简介:Thispapersummarizes,fromaglobalperspective,themajorprogressintheimplementationoftheAgenda21sincetheUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment.Theresultsshowthatglobaleconomyhasachievedasubstantialgrowth,andpositiveprogresshasbeenmadeinpovertyeradication,urbanization,andconservationandintensiveuseofnaturalresources.However,relevantinternationalconventionsandcommitmentshavenotyetbeencompletelyfulfilled.Thepaperfurtheranalyzesthecurrentmajorchallengesandfuturetrendsofglobalsustainabledevelopment.Itisarguedthattherearethreemajorchallenges:1)fatalglobalenvironmentalissuesposinganincreasingthreattohumansurvival;2)moreandmoresevereglobalcompetitionfordevelopingspaces;and3)issueshighlightingglobalpeople'slivelihood.Therearefourtrendsofglobalsustainabledevelopment:1)sustainabledevelopmentwillfurtherturnfromconceptintoglobalaction;2)greenwillbethemaintrendofglobaldevelopment;3)emergingdevelopingcountrieswillbecomethemaindrivingforceofglobalsustainabledevelopment;and4)internationalrelationsinthefieldofsustainabledevelopmentwillturntocompetitiveco-operation.
简介:雾霾给居民健康和社会发展带来了巨大危害,尽管学术界已对雾霾成因、构成和后果进行了深入研究,但是有关雾霾风险感知的研究依然不多。本文从社会脆弱性和社会建构性视角出发,利用2018年上海市1656份居民问卷调查数据,分析了雾霾风险感知的形成机制。研究发现,城市居民的雾霾风险感知同时存在脆弱性和建构性两种机制,很难说哪一种机制是主导或是根本性的,但是两种机制并非独立存在而是存在“叠加效应”,即拥有脆弱性特征并处于建构性环境的人群会表现出更为强烈的风险感知。最后,本文认为利用建构性机制,加强风险沟通,推动空气信息和雾霾知识的科学传播,有助于提高居民对雾霾风险的重视程度。