简介：AbstractObjective:This survey was designed to understand the misconceptions about labor epidurals.Methods:This voluntary and anonymous online survey on wenjuan.com was conducted from September 1st, 2015 to January 1st, 2016 via mainly WeChat groups dedicated to perinatal healthcare providers in China. The questionnaire included items inquiring the knowledge and opinions about labor epidural analgesia related to maternal complications, baby safety, and effect on laboring. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the data analysis. The data was presented as percentages and a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appreciate, was used to quantitatively compare the results.Results:A total of 1412 respondents completed surveys with 42.9% (606/1412) of them being anesthesiologists, 35.1% (495/1412) being obstetricians, 11.8% (167/1412) being midwives, 3.7% (52/1412) being labor and delivery nurses, and 6.5% (92/1412) being hospital administrators and unspecified. The study revealed a lack of knowledge in labor pain control. Although 82.4% (1164/1412) of respondents were familiar with labor epidural analgesia, 8.9% (126/1412) did not know how it works, and 1.1% (15/1412) never heard it in a multiple-choice question. The three main groups (anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and midwives/labor and delivery nurses) were chosen for comparisons. Opinions among these three groups concerning five questions in the three main concerns were evaluated using a statistical significance of P<0.05.Conclusion:The results in our survey indicated an urgent need of continuing medical education to multidisciplinary specialties to improve evidence-based medical practices as these misconceptions have existed for over 10 years in the medical professionals. Lack of public awareness fueled by misconceptions related to labor epidural analgesia may be associated with a lack of professional knowledge. Correct knowledge in professionals needs to be disseminated to the public in order to dispel possible misconceptions and rumors about labor epidural analgesia. This would not only enhance patient understanding of their care but also improve maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

简介：AbstractBackground:Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide. Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health (OH) and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases. In a very recent study, we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index (GOHI). This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods:The framework for the OH index on zoonoses (OHIZ) was constructed including five indicators, 15 subindicators and 28 datasets. Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries (n = 48). The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ. Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.Results:Overall, five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows: source of infection (23.70%), route of transmission (25.31%), targeted population (19.09%), capacity building (16.77%), and outcomes/case studies (15.13%). Following the indicators, a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation, while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data. The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100. The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa, while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin. It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses, e.g., surveillance and response, vector and reservoir interventions, and natural protected areas, which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events.Conclusions:This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ. Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and to support the prevention of zoonotic events.

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简介：日前，在北京召开的全国工业和信息化工作会议上，工信部部长苗圩表示，在战略性新兴产业领域，明年将实施4个专项规划以及15个细分领域的规划。业内人士认为，专项规划的正式实施，意味着战略性新兴产业发展将进入新阶段，明年相关领域的投资也有望出现实质性增长。

简介：网格细分是曲面的一种表示方法,若当0≤u+v+w≤1,网格细分(Subdivision)是曲面的一种表示方法

简介：B2C电子商务的竞争对个性化服务提出更高的要求，聚类分析是在数据挖掘的基础上，根据Web用户的行为模式，将具有相似属性的用户分为一簇。最大最小距离算法按照某种策略，选取离得尽可能远的客户作为初始中心，努力得到客户群一个比较好的初始划分，显著提高聚类质量，为电子商务企业了解客户、挖掘客户、制定营销策略，提供有力帮助。

简介：为增强自主创新能力，建设创新型国家，国家自然科学基金自1986年设立以来，作为我国科学创新体系的重要组成部分和支持基础研究的主渠道之一。一直备受包括留学人员在内的广大科学工作者的关注。在科学基金长期资助及国家其他科技计划的共同推动下，优秀成果不断涌现，获得2007年度连胜最高科技奖的吴征镒院士自1987年以来一直得到科学基金持续资助。闵恩泽院士1997年曾主持科学基金重大项目。2007年度国家自然科学奖授奖项目共39项，其中39项内地获奖者的研究成果均不同程度得到过科学基金的有力支持。因此，每年国家自然科学基金的分配流向都血受关注。

简介：运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等,以价格和服务质量为竞争指标对新时期我国体育场馆的消费者细分进行了系统探究。结果表明:前期的体育消费者细分研究主要以阶层细分和区域细分等宏观研究为主,通过因子分析和聚类分析可以把体育消费个体分为价格敏感服务不敏感型、价格服务均敏感型、价格不敏感服务敏感型、价格服务均不敏感型四大类。最后利用Hotelling(豪泰林)模型,根据价格和服务质量计算出了体育场馆的均衡利润,从而明确了差异化的定价策略可以兼顾实现不同消费者的消费需求和体育场馆的合理营收。

简介：使用同步辐射X射线微探针技术对正常和骨质疏松股骨头切片元素浓度分布进行扫描测量。获得了Ca、P、K、Fe、Zn、Sr、Pb等元素在股骨头切片组织中包括软骨、密质骨、松质骨中的精细分布CT成像。

简介：使用同步辐射X线微探针技术对正常和骨质疏松股骨头切片元素浓度分布进行扫描测量。获得了Ca、P、K、Fe、Zn、Sr、Pb等元素在股骨头切片组织中包括软骨、密质骨、松质骨中的精细分布CT成像。

简介：使用同步辐射X射线微探针技术对正常和骨质疏松股骨头切片元素浓度分布进行扫描测量，获得了Cu,P,K,Fe,Zn,Sr,Pb等元素在股骨头切片组织中包括软骨、密质骨、松质骨中的精细分布CT成像。

简介：入选理由作为国产精酿啤酒中的新晋势力,辛巴赫OAK橡木桶精酿啤酒是在2016年比利时精酿啤酒挑战赛上获得金奖的珠峰艾尔啤酒基础上,经过法国橡木桶陈酿精心研发,在品质端拥有较高话语权。

简介：基于技术进步及战略性贸易理论,构建了R&D补贴对应用互动型高技术行业和科技创新型高技术行业出口竞争力影响的理论模型,解析了研发补贴对两类高技术行业产品出口竞争力影响的作用机理,并利用1998-2013年高技术行业的分组数据,对研发补贴提升高技术行业产品出口竞争力的差异化效应进行了实证检验。结果显示:R&D补贴对高技术行业产品出口竞争力有显著的促进作用,其中对应用互动型高技术行业出口竞争力的影响效应更为显著;相反,对科技创新型高技术行业出口竞争力的影响效应则比较微弱。为此,面对美国贸易保护主义的压力,要从根本上提升本土企业的产品质量,政府可选择差异化的高技术产业R&D补贴方式,优先补贴应用互动型高技术行业,避开科技创新型高技术行业这一敏感领域。

简介：文章依据2004年和2008年经济普查数据,从合理化、内在高度化和外在高度化等方面考察了我国制造业167个细分产业结构优化的进程。结果表明,我国制造业在资源配置和产业质量转变方面取得了积极进展,而高技术产业整体发展水平存在严重缺憾。未来的产业政策导向上,应致力于引导高端和技术密集型制造业的发展。

简介：发展能力状况是反映一个行业(企业)绩效最为关键的指标之一,最直接反映行业的发展潜力和投资价值.研究人员根据IT行业的子行业划分和五大核心指标,对2001年～2003年度电子信息产业发展能力进行了深入研究.本文为第一部分,含2001年、2002年的分析数据和一句话点评.

简介：摘要：油田地质储量大，储层纵向上小层多，厚度小，夹层薄，由于受到传统压裂技术的制约，储层利用程度不高，因此，该油田的改造效果不明显。连续油管精细分层压裂技术是一种射孔压裂一体化的技术，它将封闭器分层、套管大排量注水以及连续油管精确定位、精确压裂等优点相融合，既能在保证生产效率的前提下，又能在纵向上进行精细化分层，在经过3口井场测试后，薄差油气藏的改造得到了显著提升，获得了一个较好的结果。