简介：Xenopusorganizerspecificgenenogginpossessesnearlyallthecharacteresticpropertiesoftheactionoforganizertospecifytheembryonicbodyacis.Toanalyzehowthematernalinheritedfactorscontrolitsexpressionpattern,weclonedthe5'regulatoryregionofnoggingene.The1.5kbupstreamsequensecoulddirectreportergenetoexpressinvivoanddatafromdeletionanalysisindicatedthata229basepairfragmetisessentialforactivatingnogginexpression.WefurtherdemonstratedthattheresponseelementswithinthisregulatoryregionwereindeedunderthecontrolofgrowthfactoractivinandWntsignalingpathwaycomponents.

简介：TheregionbetweenthepreexistingandnascentmembranesofacleavingRanaeggisadenseprotrusionregionofnearly40μmwideat180°stage.Later,thisregiondifferentiate,intoanupperpart,astripwithlong,branchedandrandomlydistributedprotrusionswhicharederivedlargelyfromthepreexistingmembrane,andalowerpart,abandwithmicrovilli.During4-and8-cel1stages,thestripisalmostvanishedandmicrovilliinthebandisshortened.Thenascentmembraneissmoothatthe180°stage,thenaroughareaappearsbelowthesmoothregionandquicklyexpands.Wheatgermagglutininwhichcanbindtopreexistingmembraneinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheregionbetweenthepreexistingandnascentmembranes.Detergent,Brij,havingthepropertytoincreasetheareaofnascentmembrane,doesnotinterruptthedevelopmentoftheregionbetweenthepreexistingandnascentmembranes.

简介：WereportedinthismanuscriptthatTGF-β1inducesapoptosisinAML12murinehepatocytes,whichisassociatedwiththeactivationofp38MAPKsignalingpathway.SB202190,aspecificinhibitorofp38MAPK,stronglyinhibitedtheTGF-β1-inducedapoptosisandPAI-1promoteractivity.TreatmentofcellswithTGF-β1activatesp38.Furthermore,over-expressionofdominantnegativemutantp38alsoreducedtheTGF-β1-inducedapoptosis.Thedataindicatethattheactivationofp38isinvolvedinTGF-β1-mediatedgeneexpressionandapoptosis.

简介：我们以前报导了人的ACAT1基因通过从染色体抄录的二不连续的RNA处理的interchromosomal生产妄想的mRNA1和7。妄想的mRNA把AUG1397-1399和GGC1274-1276用作翻译开始codons分别地，与在人的房间是确实地在场的后者生产正常50-kDaACAT1和新奇酶地活跃的56-kDaisoform，包括人的导出单核白血球的巨噬细胞。在这个工作，我们报导位于GGC1274-1276codon的附近的RNA第二等的结构为56-kDaisoform的生产被要求。三预言的茎环(nt1255-1268，1286-1342和1355-1384)的效果被transfecting表示plasmids个别地测试进包含的房间野类型，删除或变异的茎环序列连接了到一个部分ACAT18月开的读物框架(ORF)或到另外的基因的ORF。表示模式被西方的污点分析监视。我们发现从染色体7的在上游的stem-loop1255-1268和从染色体1的下游的stem-loop1286-1342为56-kDaisoform的生产被需要，而从染色体1的最后stem-loop1355-1384是非必需的。用有一个稳定的发卡的monocistronic和bicistronic向量的实验的结果证明从GGC1274-1276codon的那翻译开始被一个内部核糖体入口地点(怒火)调停。进一步的实验表明从GGC1274-1276codon的那翻译开始要求在上游的组成AU的RNA第二等的结构和下游地GC富有的结构。这个机械学的工作为人的ACAT1抄本的妄想的性质的生物意义提供进一步的支持。

简介：Kr眉p像像素的因素8(KLF8)抄写因素在房间周期前进起一个关键作用，oncogenic转变，对间充质的转变和侵略上皮。然而，它的原子本地化信号(NLS)没被识别。有另外的KLFmonopartiteNLS(mNLS)和C2H2锌手指(ZF)的KLF8份额，哪个被显示了是为一些另外的KLF的NLS。在这份报告，用指导PCR的mutagenesis和immunofluorescent显微镜学，我们显示出mNLSs，任何单个ZF的删除，或变化的那混乱Zn2+有约束力或联系DNA主题没影响KLF8的原子本地化。删除>然而，从C终点的1.5ZF引起了KLF8的细胞质的累积。令人惊讶地，氨基酸(aa)的删除151-200区域几乎从原子核消除了KLF8。有PKC禁止者的S165A，K171E或K171R变化，或处理导致了部分细胞质的累积。Co-immunoprecipitation证明KLF8与importin-交往了，这个相互作用要求了ZF主题。aa1-150或201-261区域的删除独自没改变原子本地化。BrdU加入和cyclinD1倡导者酶试金作为野类型的KLF8证明在原子本地化的KLF8异种有缺陷者不能支持DNA合成或cyclinD1倡导者激活。一起拿，这些结果建议KLF8有二NLS，一包围S165和K171并且另外的是二双人脚踏车ZF，它为KLF8原子本地化和它的细胞的功能的规定是批评的。

简介：AktandBcl-xLbothpromoteresistancetoapoptosis.AcomparisonofAkt-andBcl-xL-dependentcellsurvivalwasundertaken.ExpressionofconstitutivelyactiveAktallowscellstosurviveforprolongedperiodsintheabsenceofgrowthfactors.ThissurvivalcorrelateswiththeexpressionlevelofactivatedAktandiscomparableinmagnitudetotheprotectionprovidedbytheanti-apoptoticgeneBcl-xL.Althoughbothgenespreventcelldeath,Akt-protectedcellscanbedistinguishedfromBcl-xL-protectedcellsonthebasisofincreasedglucosetransporterexpression,glycolyticactivity,mitochondrialpotential,andcellsize.Inaddition,Akt-expressingcellsrequirehighlevelsofextracellularnutrientstosupportcellsurvival.In

简介：ThesplicingofmanyalternativeexonsintheprecursormessengerRNA(pre-mRNA)isregulatedbyextracellularfactorsbuttheunderlyingmolecularbasesremainunclear.HerewereportthedifferentialregulationofBcl-xpre-mRNAsplicingbyextracellularfactorsandtheirdistinctrequirementsforpre-mRNAelements.InK562leukemiacells,treatmentwithinterleukin-6(IL-6)orgranulocyte-macrophagecolonystimulatingfactor(GM-CSF)reducedtheproportionoftheBcl-xLvariantmRNAwhiletreatmentwith12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate(TPA)hadnoeffect.InU251gliomacells,however,TPAefficientlyincreasedtheBcl-xLlevel.Theseregulationswerealsoseenforatransfectedsplicingreportermini-gene.Furtheranalysesofdeletionmutantsindicatethatnucleotides1-176ofthedownstreamintronarerequiredfortheIL-6effect,whereasadditionalnucleotides177-284areessentialfortheGM-CSFeffect.AsfortheTPAeffect,onlynucleotides1-76arerequiredinthedownstreamintron.Thus,IL-6,GM-CSFandTPAdifferentiallyregulateBcl-xsplicingandrequirespecificintronicpre-mRNAsequencesfortheirrespectiveeffects.

简介：cAMPmediatedsignalingmayplayasuppressiveroleinimmuneresponse.WepreviouslyfoundthatthecAMP-elevators(CTxand8-Br-cAMP)inhibitedIL-12,IL-la,IL-6geneexpression,butincreasedthetranscriptionallevelsofIL-10andIL-1RainLPS-treatedmurineperitonealmacrophages.ThepresentstudyexaminedapossiblemolecularmechanisminvolvedincAMPelevators-inducedinhibitionofIL-12p40expressioninresponsetoLPS.OurdatademonstratedthatcAMPelevatorsdownregulatedIL-12p40mRNAexpressionandIL-12pT0productioninmurineperitonealmacrophages.SubsequentstudiesrevealedthatcAMP-elevatorsblockedphosphorylationofp38MAPK,butdidnotaffecttheactivityofNF-κBbindingtoIL-12promoter(-136/-112).ThisisthefirstreportthatcAMPelevatorsinhibitLPS-inducedIL-12productionbyamechanismthatisassociated,atleastinpart,withp38-dependentinhibitionbycAMPsignalingpathways.