简介：Cisplatindamagescochlearhaircellsandspiralganglionneuronsthroughcelldeathsignalingpathwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Weusedfocusedapoptosisgenemicroarraystostudyearlychangesingeneexpres-sionincochlearculturesfromP3neonatalratstreatedwithcisplatin(0.2mM).After12hoursofcisplatintreat-ment,morethan50%ofthe96genesonthearrayshowedasignificantdecreaseinexpression,consistentwithwidespreadcelldeath.However,after3hoursofcisplatintreatment,10genesshowedsignificantincreaseinex-pressionintotalcochleartissue.Inexperimentswithsubsetsofcochleartissues,at3h,cisplatininducedincreasedexpressionof12genesinthecochlearsensoryepithelium(basilarmembrane)and11genesinthespiralganglion(tissueofRosenthal'scanal,containingthespiralganglion).Theseincludedpro-andanti-apoptoticgenesin-volvedinthep53signalingpathway,TNFreceptorfamily,NF-kappaBpathway,deathdomainfamily,deatheffec-tordomainfamily,Bcl-2family,CARDfamily,TRAFfamily,andGTPsignaltransduction.Althoughthechangesingeneexpressionshowedanoverlapbetweenbasilarmembraneandspiralganglion,otherchanges,whichmayreflecttheuniqueresponseofeachtissue,werealsoobserved.Pifithrin-αblockedcisplatin-inducedup-regulationofgenesinthep53signalingpathwaywhenassayedbybothsuperarrayandrealtimePCR.Thedataaddtoourunderstandingoftheinvolvementofp53incisplatin-inducedototoxicityandotoprotection,conferredbythep53inhibitorPifithrin-α.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.

简介：目的研究10号染色体缺失张力蛋白磷酸酶（phosphataseandtensinhomologuedeletedonchromosometen，PTFEN）、磷酸化Akt（P—Akt）及核转录因子-KB（NF—KB）在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达，探讨P13K（phos—phatidylinositol-3-kinase，磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶）-Akt信号通路在中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法（辣根酶标记链霉卵白素连接法，streptavidin—peroxidaseconjugatedmethod）检测30例中耳胆脂瘤组织标本与15例正常外耳道皮肤标本中PTEN、P—Akt及NF—KB蛋白的表达。结果PTEN蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞核，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为36．7％，明显低于正常外耳道皮肤组的9313％（P〈0．01）；P—Akt蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞胞质，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为70．0％．明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的26．7％（P〈0．01）；NF—KB蛋白阳性表达定位于上皮细胞核．其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为63-3％，明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的20．0％（P〈0．01）。在30例中耳胆脂瘤上皮组织中，PTEN分别与P—Akt、NF—KB蛋白的表达之间呈显著负相关（P〈0．01），而P—Akt和NF—KB蛋白的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论PTEN、P-Akt和NF—KB在中耳胆脂瘤上皮的异常表达可能在胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。胆脂瘤上皮中P13K—Akt信号通路的激活可能参与了胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制。

简介：摘要目的分析管道标识在ICU护理安全中的临床应用效果。方法选取2012年12月~2014年12月我院收治的使用管道标识护理的ICU重症患者84例为观察组，同时随机选择使用管道标识前的ICU重症患者84例为对照组，对两组患者给药差错、更换管道差错等护理差错和对护理服务的满意程度等情况进行对比分析。结果观察组患者给药差错、更换管道差错等护理差错的发生率和患者、家属对护理服务的满意程度等情况均明显优于对照组，具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。结论在对ICU重症患者实施护理服务的过程中，管道标识的运用可以有效的提高护理人员风险防范的意识，减少了护理缺陷和给药差错、更换管道差错等护理差错的发生，更好的体现出“以人为本”的护理理念，具有显著安全性和效果，值得临床应用和推广。