简介:采用扫描电镜、能谱仪以及X射线衍射仪对具有WC+β(β为钴基粘结相)两相结构的WC-11Co-0.71Cr3C2-0.06RE(RE为含La、Ce、Pr、Nd的混合稀土)硬质合金烧结体表面进行观察与分析。结果表明,在烧结过程中合金中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd通过定向迁移与烧结炉内气氛中的S、O等杂质元素结合,在合金烧结体表面形成RE2S3(主)和RE2O2S(少量)弥散相。从合金中Cr3C2的热力学稳定性、Cr在Co中的溶解度特性以及稀土原子激发等3个方面,对稀土迁移活性的激发机制和稀土原子的定向迁移机制进行分析与讨论。
简介:ArapidlysolidifiedAl-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr(massfractionin%)alloywaspreparedbymeltspinning.Asquenchedandas-annealedmicrostructureswerestudiedbyX-raydiffractometry(XRD),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),high-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HREM)andenergydispersivespectrum(EDS)analysis.Themicrohardnessofthealloyatdifferentannealingtemperatureswasmeasured.TheresultsobtainedindicatethatthemicrohardnessoftherapidlysolidifiedAl-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cralloydoesnotvarywithdifferentannealingtemperatures.Theas-quenchedmicrostructureofthealloyincludestwokindsofdispersedprimaryphases:Al3TiandAl13(Cr,Fe)2.Afterannealingat400℃for10h,thestablephaseAl13Fe4appearsinthemicrostructure.
简介:Nb-24Ti-18Si-2Al-2Hf-4CrandNb-24Ti-18Si-2Al-2Hf-8Cralloyswerepreparedbyarcmeltinginawater-cooledcrucibleunderargonatmosphere.Microstructuralcharacteristicsandoxidationresistanceofthealloysat1250℃wereinvestigated.Theresultsshowthat,whentheCrcontentis4at%,themicrostructuresconsistof(Nb,Ti)_(ss)andNb_5Si_3;asCrcontentincreasesto8at%,C14LavesphaseCr_2Nbisformed.Theisothermaloxidationtestsshowthattheoxidationkineticsofthetwoalloysfollowsimilarfeatures.Theweightgainsofthetwoalloysafteroxidationat1250℃for100hare235.61and198.50mg·cm~(-2),respectively.Duringoxidation,SiO_2,TiO_2,Nb_2O_5andCrNbO_4areformedatfirst.Then,Ti_2Nb_(10)O_(29)isformedafteroxidationfor20minandbeginstochangeintoTiNb_2O_7astheoxidationproceeds.SiO_2isformedassolidstateatfirstbutlaterevolvesintoglassystatetoimprovethecohesionofthescale.Afteroxidationfor100h,oxidationproductsconsistofSiO_2,TiNb_2O_7,Nb_2O_5andCrNbO_4.
简介:Thermodynamiccalculation,SEM(scanningelectronmicroscopy),TEM(transmissionelectronmicroscopy),XRD(X-raydiffraction),phaseextraction,andchemicalanalysiswereemployedtostudythephasestabilityandphaseprecipitationinanewNi-Cr-Cobasesuperalloyheat-treatedat704and760℃foralongtime.Theresultsshowthattheprecipitatesofthisnewalloyheat-treatedatstandardannealingconditionandheat-treatedat704and760℃foratimeupto2000hareγ′,MC,M23C6,andM6C,andηphaseformsatgrainboundariesandinmatrixofsamplesheat-treatedat760℃aswell.Themassfractionsofγ′(+η),MC,M23C6,andM6Cinallsampleshavenolargechangeswithanincreaseinagingtime,butγ′precipitatesgrowobviously.Theγ′-to-ηtransformationinthesamplesheat-treatedat760℃tookplacewithincreasingagingtime.TheηprecipitatesformaWidmanstattenpattemandtheγ′phaseshaveremeltedpartlyinthesamplesheat-treatedat760℃.Thealloymaintainsabettermicrostructuralstabilityduringprolongedagingat704℃,butaworsemicrostructuralstabilityduringprolongedagingat760℃.
简介:ThermodynamicmodelsofcalculatingmassactionconcentrationsforstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsweredevelopedbasedontheionandmoleculecoexistencetheoryat298.15K.Atransformationcoefficientisneededtocomparethecalculatedmassactionconcentrationandthereportedactivitybecausetheyareobtainedatdifferentstandardstatesandconcentrationunits.TheresultsshowthatthetransformationcoefficientsbetweenthecalculatedmassactionconcentrationsandthereportedactivitiesofthesamestructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionschangeinaverynarrowrange.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofstructuralunitsorioncouplesinRbCl-H2Obinarysystemareingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities.ThetransformedmassactionconcentrationsofRbClandRbNO3inRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarysolutionarealsoingoodagreementwiththereportedactivities,aRbCland3RbNOa,withdifferenttotalionicstrengthsas0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0and3.5mol/kg,respectively.AllthoseresultsmeanthedevelopedthermodynamicmodelofstrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionscanreflectstructuralcharacteristicsofRbCl-H2ObinaryandRbCl-RbNO3-H2Oternarystrongelectrolyteaqueoussolutionsandthemassactionconcentrationalsostrictlyfollowsthemassactionlaw.
简介:AZr-1.15wt%Cr-0.10wt%Fealloywasbeta-quenchedfrom1050℃toproduceasupersaturatedα′-phase,andthenheatedforvaryingtimesattemperaturesfrom650℃to760℃toprecipitateZr(CrFe)2.Athermoelectricpower(TEP)techniqueandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)wereusedtomonitorthisprecipitationprocess.UsingtheJohnson-Mehl-Avramiequation,theTEPresultsandalineregressionmethod,theactivationenergyfordiffusionandthediffusioncoefficientofchromium(andFe)inα-Zrhavebeencalculatedover650℃~760℃.Thetemperaturedependenceofthediffusioncoefficient,DCr/α(cm2/s)isdescribedat650℃~760℃bytherelationshipformula.ThecoarseningoftheZr(CrFe)2particlesshowsat1/2dependenceofmeanparticlesizeonagingtime,t.Suchatimedependenceistypicalofcoarseningwhereatomtransferacrosstheinterfaceisrate-controlling.
简介:Thenon-linearrelationshipbetweenparametersofrapidlysolidifiedagingprocessesandmechancalandelectricalpropertiesofCu-Cr-Zralloyisavailablebyusingasupervisedartificialneuralnetwork(ANN).Aknowledgerepositoryofrapidlysolidifiedagingprocessesisestablishedviasufficientdatalearningbythenetwork.Thepredictedvaluesoftheneuralnetworkareinaccordancewiththetesteddata.Soaneffectivemeasureforforeseeingandcontrollingthepropertiesoftheprocessingisprovided.
简介:1IntroductionTherareearthcobaltalloyshavethepotentialformakingthemagneticandmagnetoopticalmaterials.Sofar,therareearthcobaltalloyfilmsaresubstantiallyproducedbysputteringorvacuumplating.Ifsuchfilmsarepreparedbyelectrodepositioninstead,productionefficiencywouldbeimprovedandthecompositionofthealloycouldbecontrolled.Becausetheoxidationreductionpotentialsofrareearthelementsareverynegative,organicsolventsmaybeusedaselectrolyticmedia.ElectrodepositionofGdCoandSmCoinorganicsolutionshasbeenreporte...
简介:0Cr18Ni9不锈钢薄壁产品在酸洗过程中易发生过腐蚀。本研究采用0.1mm厚度0Cr18Ni9不锈钢带,对酸洗的各影响因素进行试验研究,结果表明:材料状态不同,耐腐蚀能力不同,退火态更易出现过腐蚀;酸液温度、浓度及酸洗的时间均对不锈钢带腐蚀程度和力学性能有较大影响;在含HF的腐蚀剂中酸洗容易使薄壁不锈钢带力学性能降低,造成材料脆化,且HF含量越高对薄壁不锈钢力学性能影响越大。
简介:Thesegregationanddiffusionofboronduringheattreatmentswerestudied.Theinfluenceofboroncontents,agingtimeandappliedstressonFeMo2B2formationwasalsostudied.Finally,theeffectsofboroncontentsandFeMo2B2formationonthehightemperaturestrengthwerestudied.Boronatomsweresegregatedtoprioraustenitegrainboundaryduringnormalizingtreatment.Andtheseboronatomswereslowlydiffusedintothegraininteriorduringtemperingandagingat700℃.TheFeMo2B2phasewasonlyformedafter1,000hagingat700℃inalloycontaining196ppmboron.TheformationofFeMo2B2phaseisacceleratedbytheappliedstress.ItwasexpectedthattheformationofFeMo2B2iscloselyrelatedtotheredistributionofboronatoms.Thetensilestrengthsat700℃areincreasedwiththeincreaseofboroncontents.However,theformationofFeMo2B2phaseresultsinlowertensilestrength.
简介:室温下用溶胶凝胶自蔓延燃烧法合成平均尺寸约50nm的仿立方体结构KxNa1-xNbO3纳米粉体并制备成陶瓷,对陶瓷进行相结构、显微组织以及电性能的表征。XRD结果表明,KxNa1-xNbO3陶瓷为纯的钙钛矿结构,且K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷具有正交相和单斜相的混合相结构。SEM结果表明,所有陶瓷样品均为孪晶分布,且孪晶分布中小晶粒数随K+含量的增加而减少。在室温下,晶粒尺寸均匀且具有最大密度的K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷具有较优异的电性能:εr=467.40,tanδ=0.020,d33=128pC/N,kp=0.32。K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的优良电性能说明溶胶凝胶自蔓延燃烧法合成的K0.50Na0.50NbO3粉体性能较好,且制备的陶瓷满足无铅压电材料应用。
简介:LaCrO_3的nano粉末被一条大音阶的第五音胶化线路准备。从350~550K的LaCrO_3nano粉末的热能力被DSC方法测量并且是表示了:C_(p(LaCrO3))(±0.112)=166.844-8.500x10~(-3)T-1.022x10~6T~(-2)(J/(摩尔·K))(350-550K)。一个EMF测量集会为流电的房间作为电解质与CaF_2被开发。可逆房间的FrommeasuredEMF数据,(-)磅,La_2O_3,LaF_3,|CaF_2|O_2(1atm),LaF_3,LaCrO_3,Cr_2O_3,磅(+),和吉布斯的相关价值释放的O_2(1atm)精力,吉布斯LaCrO_3的形成的免费精力从700~885K被计算:ΔG_(f,LaCrO3)~Θ=-1555.364+0.354T(kJ/mol)(700-885K)。并且免费精力从简单氧化物La_2O_3andCr_2O_3反应改变的吉布斯是打算的是:ΔG_(f,公牛(LaCrO3))~Θ=-94.758+8.530x10~(-2)T(kJ/mol)(700-885K)。
简介:采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂制备了一种新型的由纳米、亚微米、微米WC颗粒和CoCr合金组成的多尺度WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,对比了双峰和纳米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层,在分析了涂层组织的基础上,研究了多尺度涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度、开裂韧性和抗空蚀性能,并分析了多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层的空蚀行为和机理。结果表明,HVOF喷涂制备的多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层具有≤0.32%的孔隙率和高的开裂韧性,涂层中未发现明显的纳米WC脱碳现象。与双峰与纳米结构涂层相比,多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层表现出最优异的抗空蚀性能,在淡水中的抗空蚀性能分别比双峰涂层和纳米结构涂层提高了大约28%和34%。多尺度WC-10Co4Cr涂层的优异抗空蚀性能归结于其独特的微纳米结构和优良的性能,能有效阻碍空蚀裂纹的形成和扩展。
简介:Mgx(Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.5Cr0.3)(x=20%,30%,40%)(集体部分)合成粉末被反应的球milling与氢和他们的氢存储性质准备,微观结构被XRD,SEM和pressure-composition-temperature调查测量。结果证明composites在553K和好加氢动力学有3.83%-5.07%氢能力,甚至在房间温度。在他们之中,milledMg-30%(Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.5Cr0.3)合成当它能快速在373K吸收2.1%氢,有最高的加氢动力学,3.5%在在473K的2000s,在3MPa氢压力下面在553K在60s弄平3.26%。改进加氢性质来自粒子在Mg粒子的表面上一致地驱散的Ti0.9Zr0.2Mn1.5Cr0.3的催化效果。
简介:GaxIn1-xAs1-ySbyalloyshavebeengrownbyatmosphericpressureMOCVDonn-GaSb(Te-doped)substrate.Thesohdcompositionwasdeterminedbyusingelectronmicroprobe.ThealloysofGalnAsSbwithcompositioninmiscibilitygapweresuccessfullygrown.TheopticalpropertiesofGaxIn1-xAs1-ySbylaverswerecharacterizedbythephotoluminescenceandtheinfraredabsorption.Thespectralresponsesofp+-GaInAsSb/p-GaxIn1-xAs1-ySby/n-GaSbdetectorsshowedwavelengthcutoffat2.4μmanddetectivity-D*=5×108cmHz1/2/Watroomtemperature.