简介：摘要秦瑟是美国20世纪早期著名的细菌学及免疫学家，在斑疹伤寒的病原菌及其疫苗的研究领域颇有建树，并以其名字重新命名了流行性斑疹伤寒。他的经典著作《老鼠、虱子和历史》从具体案例入手，以斑疹伤寒和媒介生物的发展历程为线索，梳理了传染病及其涉及生物的协同演化脉络，更揭示了传染病对人类历史改变的巨大影响。书中摈弃了传统的以人类为主角的写作模式，将人类与微生物置于平等的地位进行考察。作者引经据典，分析传染病的病理学特征，以专业的视角对梅毒的起源、雅典瘟疫等历史上的传染病事件提出了独到的见解，并呼吁历史学家将传染病史纳入历史诠释的范畴之中。《老鼠、虱子和历史》问世后多次再版，后世学者在此基础上进一步将疾病史置于更宏大的人类历史的背景下考察，增强了对于生态、政治等因素的综合考量，促进了生命科学与历史学等多学科相结合的全球疾病史研究的发展。

简介：稳定性实验精密吸取同一白花菜苷对照品溶液,以15%甲醇为溶剂提取的白花菜苷的含量最高,分别精密加入白花菜苷对照品溶液（含白花菜苷1.960 

简介：南国的冬天并不寒冷，时序21世纪的第12个年末的清晨，已是白发苍苍跨过七旬的智者，又开始日复一日的伏案疾书，“老骥伏枥，志在千里”。其实，他驰骋在病媒动物的研究发展道路上，特别是在啮齿动物的探索与创新上，早在国内同行中所认知、所推崇。自20世纪60年代中期，他在本职工作中找到为社会发展所需求研究课题的突破口，孜孜几十年的心血，上万个HH夜夜消逝了，但留下的是等身的论著与译作。他那“鼠王”的美名与论著至今在福建闽南地区的民坊中，乃至全国相关学科的人员与大多机构中所传颂或收藏，堪称喜闻乐道。

简介：·AIM:Tostudytheeffectsofdanhonghuayukoufuye(DHK)onfastingbloodglucose(FBG)anddiabeticretinopathy(DR)instreptozotocin(STZ)-inducedtype1diabeticratstofacilitatetherationalusageofthisdrug.·METHODS:DiabeticratswereinducedbyinjectionofasingledoseofSTZintraperitoneallyat50mg/kg.Flashelectroretinogram(FERG)andoscillatorypotentials(OPs)wereusedtomeasureretinalfunction.Themicrovascularperfusionofearswasperformedtostudythemicrocirculationinrats.FBG,body-weight,and24-hurinevolume,waterintakeanddietintakewerealsoassessed.·RESULTS:DHKhadnoeffectonFBGinnormalrats.However,STZ+DHKgroupweresignificantlydifferentfromthoseofModelandmovedtowardthoseofnormalcontrol.Itreversedtheincreaseindietintake(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)andthelossinbody-weight(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)indiabeticrats.DHKdecreasedtheFBGofdiabeticratsby25.6%(P≤0.05)and37.9%(P≤0.01)after14and21daysadministrationascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Moreover,DHKsignificantlyincreasedtheFERGb-waveamplitudeby80%(P≤0.05vsmodelcontrol)anddecreasedtheFERGb-wavelatencyby15.3%(P≤0.01vsmodelcontrol)after24daysadministration.TheOP1andOP2amplitudesinDHKgroupwere2.6(P≤0.01)and2.0(P≤0.01)timesofmodelgroupafter24daysofDHKtreatment,respectively.Atthesametime,OP1andOP2latenciesinDHKgroupreducedby16.0%(P≤0.001)and14.7%(P≤0.001)ascomparedwiththemodelcontrol,respectively.Furthermore,themicrovascularperfusionofDHKgroupwas2.4timesofmodelgroup(P≤0.001)after21daysadministration.·CONCLUSION:DHKhadnoeffectonnormalFBG.Butithadantihyperglycemicactivity,andhadapreventiveandtherapeuticeffectonDRindiabeticrats.·

简介：日本科学家创下全球首例，成功利用老鼠的诱导型多功能干细胞（iPS细胞），培养出大量卵子，而且更顺利地用它们繁殖出后代。

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofY-27632onthesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheculturedretinalneurocytes.METHODS:Afterthepostnatalday2-3,Sprague-Dawleyretinalneurocyteswereculturedfor48hours,theculturemediawasreplacedwithserum-freemedia(controlgroup)andserum-freemediacontained30μmol/LY-27632(Y-27632group),andthecellswerecontinuallyculturedanother48hours.Theculturedretinalneurocyteswereidentifiedwithanti-neuronspecificenolase(NSE)immunocytochemistry.ThesurvivalstateofthosecellswasestimatedbyMTTassay,andtheneuriteoutgrowthofthosecellswasevaluatedbythecomputerizedimage-analysissystem.RESULTS:Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,theabsorbancevaluesofcellssurvivalinY-27632groupincreased12.90%and33.33%respectivelyafter72and96hoursculture.Y-27632hadnosignificanteffectonthediameterofculturedretinalneurocytes.Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,Y-27632inducedastableimprovementofneuriteoutgrowthofretinalneurocytesafter72and96hoursculture(P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Y-27632couldpromotethesurvivalandneuriteoutgrowthoftheearlypostnatalculturedretinalneurocytes.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheregulationofEaf2proteininmouselenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultraviolet(UV)radiation.METHODS:AneyeofEaf2geneknockoutmiceornormalcontrolmicewasexposedtoUVradiation,andtheotheronewasnon-exposed.AlloflenseswereanalyzedbyTUNELandcaspase3activityassaystodeterminethedifferenceoftheapoptosisinducedbyUVradiation.Inaddition,exposedandnon-exposedlenseswereanalyzedbyquantifiedp53expressionandreal-timereversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)ofBax,Bid,Apaf-1,PumaandNoxa,tocompareEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.RESULTS:UVradiationcausedapoptosisoflenscellsinnormalcontrolmiceandEaf2knockoutmice.Activityofcaspase3wassignificantlyhigherinnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2knockoutmice.Expressionofp53proteinwassignificantlyhigherinlensesexposedtoUVradiationthannonexposedlenses,butwassimilarbetweenEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmiceinthesameUVcondition.AfterexposingtoUVradiation,theanalysisofreal-timeRT-PCRdemonstratedthatmRNAlevelsofPumaandNoxaweresignificantlyhigherinlensesofnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2geneknockoutmice,andthatmRNAlevelsofBax,BidandApaf-1werenotsignificantlydifferentbetweengeneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.CONCLUSION:Eaf2increaseslenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultravioletradiation.AndEaf2up-regulatesexpressionofthePumaandtheNoxatoactonlenscellsapoptosisafterUVradiation.

简介：摘要：老鼠和蟑螂是创建卫生县城（乡镇）重点防控的病媒生物，我国《国家卫生城市标准》规定创建卫生城市城区老鼠和蟑螂密度的控制水平不低于C级要求（1.2）。因此，开展城区鼠类和蟑螂密度监测，掌握其种类、分布及季节消长规律，既可以防控鼠传播疾病和肠道传染病提供预警信息，也可为评估城区鼠和蟑螂防制效果提供科学依据。玉屏侗族自治县疾病预防控制中心对县城区的鼠类和蟑螂进行了密度监测，现将2018—2020年的监测结果分析报告如下：

简介：无

简介：炎症牙髓是否可盖髓治疗最近颇受争议。为了减弱牙髓炎症反应以及促进牙髓自愈，最近一种含有氟新诺龙丙酮（PCFA）的盖髓剂被研制出来。本实验旨在研究老鼠上颌磨牙的炎症牙髓在分别使用氢氧化钙、MTA和PCFA盖髓剂后的反应。60颗老鼠上颌磨牙暴露于口腔环境中48h后，按照盖髓剂类别（Dycal，MTA，PCFA）和时间（8或30d）随机分为6组（n=10）。洞口用玻璃离子密封，老鼠在8～30d后处死。制备组织学标本并评价炎症反应和硬组织形成情况。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheexpressionofdendriticcell-associatedC-typelectin-1(dectin-1)attheearlyperiodofAspergillusfumigatusinfectioninrat’scornealepithelium.·METHODS:Atotalof72Wistarratswererandomlydividedintothreegroups:A,BandC.Therighteyeswerechosenasexperimentaleyes.GroupAwascontrolgroup.RatsingroupBwerenotinoculatedwithAspergillusfumigatus.GroupCwastakenasAspergillusfumigatuskeratitismodel.RatsingroupBandC(sixfromeachgroup)wereexecutedrandomlyat4,8,16and24hoursafterexperimentalmodelbeingestablishedtoassesstheexpressionofdectin-1mRNAthroughreal-timePCR.AnothersixratsingroupBandCwereexecutedrandomlyat24hourstoassesstheexpressionofdectin-1proteinthroughimmunohistochemistry.·RESULTS:Theresultsofreal-timePCRindicatedthatdectin-1mRNAexpressionwaslowincornealepitheliumofnormalrats’.Therewasnosignificantlydifferenceofdectin-1mRNAexpressioningroupAandB(P>0.05).TheexpressionofAspergillusfumigatusinfectedcornealepitheliumincreasedgraduallyafter8hoursingroupC.ThesynchronousexpressionofgroupAandChadsignificantdifference(P<0.01).Immunohistochemistydiscoveredthatdectin-1receptorexistedinnormalrat’scornealepithelium.Dectin-1proteinincreasedafter24hoursingroupC.TherewasasignificantdifferenceofsynchronousexpressioningroupBandC(P<0.01).·CONCLUSION:Dectin-1existsinrat’scornealepitheliumanditsexpressionsignificantlyincreasesattheearlyperiodofAspergillusfumigatusinfection.Dectin-1isapatternrecognitionreceptorthatexpressesincornealepitheliumandinvolvesinimmuneresponsetoAspergillusfungalkeratitis.

简介：AIM:Toexploretheeffectofsaturatedhydrogensalineonbluelight-inducedretinaldamageinrats.·METHODS:Theretinaldamageofratswasinducedbybluelightexposurefor6hoursandexamined8hours,16hoursand24hoursaftertheexposure.OnehundredfemaleSprague-Dawleyratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups.Group1included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithoutanyothertreatment.Group2included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofnormalsaline.Group3included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensaline.AndGroup4includedtheother10ratswhichdidnotreceiveanytreatment.Theamountofintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensalineandnormalsalinewascalculatedintheratioof1ml/100gofratweight.SpecimenswerecollectedandprocessedbyH-Estaining,ultrastructureobservation,biochemicalmeasurement.Morphologicalchangeswereobservedbylightmicroscopeandtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)andtheretinalouternuclearlayer(ONL)thicknesswasmeasuredbyIPP6.0,whilethemalondialdehyde(MDA)wasmeasuredbycolorimetricdeterminationat532nm.·RESULTS:AlthoughthestructureofretinainGroup1andGroup2wasinjuredheavily,theinjuryinGroup3wasmild.ThedifferencesbetweenGroup1andGroup2werenotsignificant.ComparedwiththeratsinGroup1andGroup2,theonesinGroup3hadmoreclearlydemarcatedretinastructureandmoreorderedcellsbylightmicroscopeandTEMobservation.TheONLthicknesses(400times)offourgroupsateachtimepointexceptbetweenGroup1andGroup2weresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).ThethicknessesoftheONLinGroup1atthreetimepointswere30.41±4.04μm,26.11±2.82μmand20.63±1.06μm,inGroup2were31.62±4.54μm,25.08±3.63μmand19.07±3.86μm,inGroup3were29.75±3.62μm,28.83±1.97μmand27.61±1.83μm.InGroup4themeanofthethicknesswas37.35±1.37μm.Astimewentby,thedamageg

简介：摘要：细胞的生命周期中，线粒体的质量和数量需要保持平衡，这对于细胞维持生存和代谢具有重要意义，这一过程离不开线粒体的自噬。哺乳动物体内的关于线粒体自噬途径有多个通路，其中pink1/parkin介导的线粒体自噬较为新颖和受热。pink1是parkin的上游蛋白，pink1通过一些列磷酸化以及泛素化过程，直接或间接地作用于parkin以及后续下游蛋白，从而调控线粒体的自噬进程。本文对近年来报道的pink1/parkin介导的线粒体自噬在改善鼠神经退行性疾病以及工作记忆能力的作用进行综述。

简介：AIM:Tocomparetheeffectoftopicallyadministeredandsubconjunctivallyinjectedbevacizumabonexperimentalcornealneovascularizationinratsfortwoweeksaftertreatment.METHODS:Twenty-eightSprague-Dawleyratsweredividedintofourgroupsof7animals.Eachcornealcenterofrighteyewascauterizedwithsilver/potassiumnitratefor8s.Aftercornealburning,bevacizumab(12.5mg/mL)wastopicallyadministeredthreetimesperday(TBgroup)fortwoweeksorsubconjunctivallyinjectedondays2and4aftercauterization(0.02mL;SBgroup).Asnegativecontrols,ratsreceived0.9%salinetopicallythreetimesperday(TSgroup)orsubconjunctivallyondays2and4(0.02mL;SSgroup).Digitalphotographsofthecorneaweretaken1and2weeksaftertreatmentandanalyzedtodeterminetheareaofcorneacoveredbyneovascularizationasthepercentageofcornealneovascularization.RESULTS:Oneweekaftertreatment,thepercentageofcornealneovascularizationwassignificantlylowerintheTBandSBgroupsthanintheTSandSSgroups(allP<0.05).Twoweeksaftertreatment,thepercentageofcornealneovascularizationwassignificantlylowerintheTBgroupthanintheTSgroup(P<0.05).Inallgroups,thepercentageofneovascularizationwasdecreasingastimepassed(allP<0.05)CONCLUSION:Topicallyadministeredbevacizumabhaslongerstandinganti-angiogeniceffectthansubconjunctivallyinjectedbevacizumabincornealneovascularizationfollowingchemicalinjuryinrats.

简介：阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理特征被认为主要或者部分是由β淀粉样蛋白的神经毒性造成的。β淀粉样蛋白是从β淀粉样蛋白前体（APP）降解而来的一段39～43个氨基酸序列。APP也能在胞内于第664位天冬氨酸处降解产生另一种细胞毒性多肽APP—C31。