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简介:2013年夏季,东北地区降雨频繁,松花江、嫩江、黑龙江等江河水位暴涨,遭遇继1998年以来最为严重洪水灾害。应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(简称HJ-1卫星)和Landsat8卫星影像(HJ-1卫星影像可以弥补Landsat8卫星重访周期较长、在洪水发生期间可用影像较少的缺陷),对松花江和嫩江交汇段水情进行实时监测,构建洪水监测遥感影像集;利用两种影像确定不同时相的洪水淹没范围,掌握洪水发展的过程,对淹没区的灾情进行快速评估。遥感监测结果表明,2013年6月17日至7月26日,洪水主要使主河道展宽,镇赉县局部河漫滩和低洼地被洪水淹没;7月26日至8月20日,洪水主要淹没了河漫滩和低洼地;8月20至9月8日,河流总体变化不大。截至9月8日,松花江、嫩江交汇段淹没面积为1170.2km2,其中吉林省境内的淹没面积为622.58km2,黑龙江省境内的淹没面积为547.62km2;淹没的土地覆盖类型以耕地和沼泽为主,其淹没面积分别为759.58km2和348.25km2,两者面积共占总淹没面积的94.67%;居住地淹没较为严重的为杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县和肇源县,两县淹没面积分别为0.43km2和0.30km2,其中,杜尔伯特他拉哈镇安平村、肇源县四合村受洪灾较重。
简介:城市绿地是城市生态系统中重要的碳贮存库.采用平均标准木法与收获法估算福州市南江滨公园内的3种(南洋杉、番石榴、黄花槐)片林及其毗邻草坪的生物量与碳贮量,结果表明:南洋杉平均单株生物量为27.52kg,番石榴为48.60k,黄花槐为15.08kg;其中树干是主体,占整株生物量的58.0%~69.4%;3种林木的根系生物量也较高,占整株生物量比例达25%以上,其中黄花槐最高,达到33%;3块草坪生物量分别为31.11t·hm^-2(南洋杉毗邻草坪)、21.00t·hm^-2(番石榴毗邻草坪)、33.07t·hm以(黄花槐毗邻草坪);片林各器官的碳含量比较接近(除叶在41%左右外),波动范围为45.8%-47.2%,草坪各器官碳含量较低,波动范围为36.5%~41.3%;3种片林的植被碳贮量分别为24.69t·hm^-2(南洋杉)、38.19t·hm^-2(番石榴)、17.71t·hm^-2(黄花槐);3块草坪的植被碳贮量分别为12.47t·hm^-2(南洋杉毗邻草坪)、8.48t·hm^2(番石榴毗邻草坪)、13.21t·hm^-2(黄花槐毗邻草坪).