简介：Carbon-motivatedbordertaxadjustment(BTA)aimstocompensateforthelossofcompetitivenessofcarbonintensiveproductsduetocarbondioxideabatementactions.Basedontheanalysisoftheinternationalbackgroundofcarbon-motivatedBTAs,thispaperdiscussesthefundamentalmotivationleadingtoUSpolicytransformation,thepotentialimpactsofthepolicyonChina'smanufacturingindustries,andthecompatibilityofthepolicytoWTOrules.Carbon-motivatedBTAsviolatethefundamentalprincipleoftheUNFCCC,andpotentiallyconflictwiththecoreWTOprincipleofnon-discriminationreflectedintheGATTArticlesIandIII.However,ArticleXXoftheGATTmaybeapplicable.Thus,theauthorsuggestsseveralmeasurestoalleviatetheimpactsofcarbon-motivatedBTAs,andputsforwardcountermeasuresbasedoncarbonconsumptionpercapita.

简介：Thispaperquantifiesadecompositionanalysisofenergy-relatedCO2emissionsintheindustrialsectorsofShanghaiovertheperiod1994-2007.TheLog-MeanDivisiaIndex(LMDI)methodisappliedtothisstudyintermsofsixfactors:laborforce,labormobility,grosslaborproductivity,energyintensity,fuelmix,andemissioncoefficient.Inaddition,thedecouplingeffectbetweenindustrialeconomicgrowthandCO2emissionsisanalyzedtoevaluateCO2mitigationstrategiesforShanghai.TheresultsshowthatalllaborproductivityhasthelargestpositiveeffectonCO2emissionchangesintheindustrialsectors,whereaslabormobilityandenergyintensityarethemaincomponentsfordecreasingCO2emissions.OtherfactorshavedifferenteffectsonCO2mitigationindifferentsub-periods.AlthougharelativedecouplingofindustrialCO2emissionsfromtheeconomicgrowthinShanghaihasbeenfound,ShanghaishouldkeeppacewiththeindustrialCO2emissionsreductionbyimplementinglow-carbontechnology.Theseresultshaveimportantpolicyimplications:PlanCisthereasonablechoiceforShanghai.

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简介：TheimpactofenvironmentalregulationontechnologyinnovationisahotspotincurrentresearchwherealargenumberofempiricalstudiesarebasedonPorterHypothesis(PH).However,therearestillcontroversiesinacademiaabouttheestablishmentof'weak'and'narrow'versionsofPH.Basedonthepaneldataofapplicationforpatentofenergyconservationandemissionreduction(ECER)technologyofChinesecityscaleduring2008-2014,comprehensiveenergyprice,pollutantemission,etc.,mixedregressionmodelandsystematicgeneralizedmethodofmomentsmethodwereadopted,respectively,tostudytheimpactofmarket-orientedandcommand-and-controlpolicytoolonChina’sECERtechnologyinnovation.Theresultsshowthattheenvironmentalregulationhinderedthetechnologicalinnovationintheimmediatephase;however,itturnedouttobepositiveinthefirst-lagphase.Hence,theestablishmentof“weak”PHistime-bounded.Thecommand-and-controlpolicytoolplayedamorepositiveroleinpromotingtechnologicalinnovationinthefirst-lagphasethanmarket-orientedpolicytool.Therefore,'narrow'PHisnottenable.ThereasonisthatthemainparticipantsofChina’sECERtechnologyinnovationarestate-ownedcompaniesandpublicinstitutions.Regionallyspeaking,theimpactwhichcommand-and-controlpolicytoolhasontechnologicalinnovationatsightwasnonsignificantintheeastern,thecentral,andthewesternregionsofChinawhilstmarket-orientedpolicytoolhadanegativeeffect.Andmarket-orientedpolicytoolinthecentralregionhadstrongestnegativeeffect,whichwoulddiminishintheeasternregionandbecomeweakestinthewesternregion.Thiswasrelatedtoregionalenergyconsumptionlevelandthemarketeconomicvitality.

简介：ThispaperanalyzesthethreemainfundamentalissuesinthedesignofChina’sETSpilots,includingallowanceallocation,pricemechanismandstate-ownedkeyenterprises,andproposedsuggestedsolutions.Fortheissueofallowanceallocation,wesuggestthatthegradualhybridmodecouldbeappliedatthebeginning,whichstartswithmainlyfreeallocationandthenincreasesauctionratiogradually.Andgrandfatheringisasuitablemethodoffreeallocation.Fortheissueofpricemechanism,wesuggestapricefloatingzonewithopenmarketoperationtoreducetheuncertaintyofprices.Fortheissueofstate-ownedkeyenterprises,wesuggestagoodcoordinationwithSASAC,definingthestate-ownedpropertyrightandsupervisionrightwhenstate-ownedkeyenterprisesareinvolvedintothecarbonmarket,andthelocalgovernmentcansetrulesofallocationandtransactiontolimittheirpotentialmarketpower.

简介：Researchingthedynamicdistributioncharacteristicsandtrendevolutionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsisofconsiderablesignificanceinformulatinganeffectiveagriculturalcarbonreductionpolicy.Basedonmeasurementofagriculturalcarbonemissionsof31provincesovertheperiod2002-2011,thestudyobservedregionaldifferencesandthedynamicevolutionofdistributionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsusingagriculturalcarbonintensityastheindicator,accompaniedbyGinicoefficientsandthekerneldensityestimationmethod.TheresultsdemonstratefirstthatagriculturalcarbonemissionsforChinashowanobviousnonequilibriumnatureinregardtospatialdistribution.Accordingtothedifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissionsdynamictrends,wedividedthe31regionsintofourtypes-continuousdecline,fluctuatingdecline,continuousincrease,andfluctuatingincrease.Further,agriculturalcarbonemissionsintensityshowedadownwardtrendwithsignificantdifferencesintheresearchareas.Second,thegapinspatialdistributionofnationalagriculturalcarbonemissionsisgraduallyexpandingbasedontheresultscalculatedbyGinicoefficient.Fromtheperceptionofregionaldifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissions,theeasternregionshowedanaveragelevel,thegapwasmoreobviousinthecentralregion,whilewesternregionshowedatrendoffluctuatingdownward.Third,accordingtoestimationbykerneldensity,theregionaldisparityinagriculturalcarbonemissionshadadownward,butlimited,trend.Inregardtoagriculturalcarbonemissionsoverthethreeareas,theregionalgapnotonlytendedtodecreasebutalsoshoweda"fourway"differentiationphenomenonintheeasternregion.Thedifferenceinthecentralregiondifferencewasnarrower.Onthewhole,thegapforthewesternregionreducedsteadilyoverasmallrange.

简介：双酚S（BPS）和双酚F（BPF）作为双酚A（BPA）的替代品在工业中被广泛使用。近年来BPS和BPF在水环境中不断检出,因其难降解、易蓄积,可能会对水生态系统和人体健康造成不利影响。因此对BPS和BPF在水、沉积物等水环境介质中污染状况进行综述,发现BPS和BPF的含量有日益升高的趋势,甚至在某些水体中的浓度超过BPA。然后,从急性毒性、内分泌干扰效应、发育毒性等3个方面,阐述了它们对水生生物产生的毒理效应。并且基于水环境介质中的检出浓度和实验室毒理数据,对水体和沉积物中BPS和BPF的生态风险进行评估,发现沉积物中的风险要高于水体。最后对目前研究局限以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。

简介：随着抗生素抗性污染日益严重,快速评估环境中典型病原菌与条件性致病菌的抗生素抗性水平,对掌握区域环境抗生素抗性污染状况、揭示抗性污染传播规律至关重要。通过以最低抑菌浓度浸入抗生素改进MI、VJ培养基,并结合滤膜法,建立了针对近岸海洋环境中指示性病原微生物大肠杆菌（Escherichiacoli,E.coli）与金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcusaureus,S.aureus）的抗生素抗性监测方法。水体和沉积物样品抗生素抗性水平评估实验结果显示,该方法具有较好重现性（水体和沉积物中E.coli和S.aureus抗生素抗性水平的相对标准偏差分别为11%、8%）与准确度（水体和沉积物中E.coli和S.aureus的平均回收率分别为83.5%、68.4%;相对于CLSI药敏试验的偏离度为±0.1）。且与CLSI药敏实验相比,该方法过程简便、耗时短（36h/84h）,能最大限度节约经济和人员成本提高抗性评价效率。应用该方法评估辽河口与莱州湾环境中2种病原微生物磺胺类抗生素抗性水平,结果显示辽河口水体中E.coli和S.aureus磺胺二甲嘧啶的平均抗性率分别为27.0%、28.4%,沉积物中分别为35.5%、34.6%;莱州湾水体中E.coli和S.aureus磺胺二甲嘧啶的平均抗性率分别为26.0%、14.5%,沉积物中分别为12.0%、32.9%。该方法适用于河口、近岸海洋及入海排污口水体与沉积物样品中E.coli与S.aureus的快速分析及抗生素抗性水平评估。

简介：在肯尼亚桑布卢国家公园北部守候了整整一个月后，詹姆士才发现了一只隐藏在太阳阴影之中的卵黄色雄性织布鸟，它正在那里筑造一个精美的巢穴。

简介：发展生态建筑已经成为当今社会发展的主题,同时也是顺应建筑全球化潮流,提升人居环境健康性和舒适性的迫切需要.必须不断转变建筑在设计和建设方面的思维方式,才能逐步缓解资源紧缺和环境污染的现状.该文对生态建筑定义以及设计原则两方面进行研究,通过对台湾水滴塔和新加坡展览塔楼这两座典型生态建筑案例进行了分析,再从生态建筑材料和生态建筑节能技术两方面予以阐述,得出生态建筑作为当今社会的发展趋势,其还有很多方面需要通过实践去探索.

简介：　　ACCor是欧洲最大的旅行、旅游和团体服务集团.它有150000名员工,分布在140个国家.将近有4000个Accor旅馆(443000个房间)分布在90个国家.……

简介：最近几年,位于马西南部的里奥格兰德联合大学的研究生土木工程项目开展了一些与建筑环境的可持续性有关的活动.其中一些活动与教育有关,一些活动与设计和建造有关.本文介绍了应用可持续性原则的项目的总体概念框架及其主要总体目标.新近的一个项目(对一所技术学校的提议)说明了如休在一个具体的项目处理框架及其目标问题1.文章也简要介绍了其他研究和设计活动.并简单讨论了把可持续性问题纳入发发中国家的土地利用规划以及项目设计的障碍.

简介：麻天然材料包装的推广应用是中国实现绿色包装的有效途径之一,在食品包装中使用麻天然材料环保又安全卫生.该文对我国麻的特性,麻包装的特点进行了梳理,阐述了麻包装应用现况,着重分析了麻在现代包装应用的新形式.

简介：从摇篮到摇篮设计是一种建筑学的生态智能设计理念,它涉及到完全健康的、可恢复的居住区的材料、建筑物和模式的相关产业.与从摇篮到坟墓体系不同,从摇篮到摇篮设计把人类系统看作是营养循环系统,其中的每一种物质都能够支撑生命.作为生物养分设计的材料在使用后为大自然提供了营养物;通过生产-恢复-再造的产业闭路系统技术养分得以循环.依据选择安全、健康因素的科学建议,从摇篮到摇篮设计把对材料的利用发挥到了极致.本着对自然、文化、气候负责的精神,在工业化国家和发展中国家,它推出的建筑物与社区规划都创造了多种多样的经济、社会和生态价值.

简介：城市的发展与扩张导致生物栖息地与农林用地的减少,同时大量不透水材料的应用,打破了雨水的良性循环,导致城市洪涝干旱年年发生.于是,雨水花园更为广泛的应用模式成为了城市建设者们探索的焦点.以武汉市百步亭景兰苑小区为例,该设计尝试将雨水花园与住区景观设计相结合,营造一个安全、生态、经济、美观的城市绿色住区环境.图1,参5.