简介：Particlesbehaviourwasmonitoredandanalyzedinastormwaterwetlandoveraperiodof4months(June-September,2009).Theresultsindicatedthattheparticlesbehaviourcanbeaffectedbymanyprocesses,suchassedimentation,resuspension,adsorptionandreleaseinstormwaterwetlandsduringdrydays.Duetotheeffectsofthesefactors,theparticlesremovalefficiencycalculatedbasedonthesettlingtheorywassignificantlyhigherthanthevalueobtainedusingthemeasuredparticlesnumberconcentration.Andthemeasuredefficiencyshowedaturningpointintherangeof2-4μm,whichwaswithinthecolloidalparticlesrange.Analysisofparticlesizedistributionshowedthatparticleswerefinerintheoutflowthaninflowduetosedimentationofthecoarseparticlesandresuspensionofthefineparticlesinthewetland.Particlesindifferentsizerangesplaydifferentrolesintheircontributiontoturbidityandtotalsuspendedsolidsconcentration.Thefinerparticles(lessthan10μm)showedacloserrelationshipwiththeturbiditywhilecoarserparticles(>4μm)weremorerelatedtototalsuspendedsolidconcentration.

简介：Researchingthedynamicdistributioncharacteristicsandtrendevolutionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsisofconsiderablesignificanceinformulatinganeffectiveagriculturalcarbonreductionpolicy.Basedonmeasurementofagriculturalcarbonemissionsof31provincesovertheperiod2002-2011,thestudyobservedregionaldifferencesandthedynamicevolutionofdistributionofagriculturalcarbonemissionsusingagriculturalcarbonintensityastheindicator,accompaniedbyGinicoefficientsandthekerneldensityestimationmethod.TheresultsdemonstratefirstthatagriculturalcarbonemissionsforChinashowanobviousnonequilibriumnatureinregardtospatialdistribution.Accordingtothedifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissionsdynamictrends,wedividedthe31regionsintofourtypes-continuousdecline,fluctuatingdecline,continuousincrease,andfluctuatingincrease.Further,agriculturalcarbonemissionsintensityshowedadownwardtrendwithsignificantdifferencesintheresearchareas.Second,thegapinspatialdistributionofnationalagriculturalcarbonemissionsisgraduallyexpandingbasedontheresultscalculatedbyGinicoefficient.Fromtheperceptionofregionaldifferencesinagriculturalcarbonemissions,theeasternregionshowedanaveragelevel,thegapwasmoreobviousinthecentralregion,whilewesternregionshowedatrendoffluctuatingdownward.Third,accordingtoestimationbykerneldensity,theregionaldisparityinagriculturalcarbonemissionshadadownward,butlimited,trend.Inregardtoagriculturalcarbonemissionsoverthethreeareas,theregionalgapnotonlytendedtodecreasebutalsoshoweda"fourway"differentiationphenomenonintheeasternregion.Thedifferenceinthecentralregiondifferencewasnarrower.Onthewhole,thegapforthewesternregionreducedsteadilyoverasmallrange.

简介：Thehybridpolicyisaflexiblepolicytoolthatcombinesfeaturesofcarbontradingandcarbontaxation.ItseconomicandenvironmentaleffectsunderChina’sbackgroundarestillnotstudiedindetail.Giventheexogenouscarbonreductiontargets,carbonprices,andcarbontax-rates,bycomputablegeneralequilibriummodelingmethodsandfactordecompositionmethods,thisarticleinvestigatesdirectandcascadedeffectsofthehybridpolicyoneconomicgrowth,energyutilization,andcarbonemissiononthenationallevelandthesectorlevel,withChina’snationalinput-outputdata-set.Stepwisely,policyscenarioswithirrationalestimatedresultsareselectivelyexcludedbasedoncomprehensiveevaluationamongeconomic,carbonreductionandotherpolicytargets.Asaresult,againstnationaleconomicconditionsin2007,thehybridpolicy,withacarbonreductiontargetof-10%,acarbontax-rateofaround$10,andaceilingcarbonpriceof$40,ishighlyrecommended,becauseofitssignificantlowereconomicloss,lowerenergyutilizationcost,andpracticalrobustnessagainstfluctuationofenergymarketandcarbonmarket.Furthermore,bydecompositionanalysis,carbonreduction-relatedcostsaredecomposedintoadirectpartthatincludescarbonallowancepriceandcarbontax,andanindirectpartastheenergypriceincrementalinducedbydirectcarboncosts.Grosscarbonreductionmaybedecomposedintothreepartssuchasenergyintensity,economicscale,andtechnicalprogress.And,carbontaxationisthemainpolicytoolthatstimulatestoimprovetheenergyefficiency.

简介：Thispaperstudiesfactorsinfluencingrural-urbanlabormigrationinChina,particularlytheimplementationofruralcooperativemedicalinsurance(RCMI)intheyear2003.Withthesupportofdataanalysisfromtheyear2000,2004and2006,clearlinearcorrelationsarefoundbetweengender,income,healthconditionandrural-urbanlaborflow,whereastheimpactofeducationandemploymentstatusaremorecomplicated.Moreimportantly,resultsfromregressionshowthattheestablishmentofRCMIincountrysideofChinanotonlyinhibitsruralresidentsfromseekingemploymentoutsidethevillage,butalsopullsbackruralpeoplewhohavealreadyworkedincities.Whenregionaldimensionisconcerned,thepurecompositeeffectofRCMIonrurallaborflowislesssignificantincoastalareaswithbettereconomicperformanceandmedicalservice.