简介：Objective:Toanalyzesubtypesandquasi-speciesofisolatedvirusesfromHIV-1infectedindividualsamongthepopulationepidemiologicaldynamicsoflocalHIV-1isolates,thuslayingafoundationfordesigningacandidateAIDSvaccine.Methods:Byhetero-duplexmobilityassay(HMA)andsinglestrandconformationpoly-morphism(SSCP)analysisonampliconsfromsingle-primedpolymerasechainreaction(SP-PCR),subtypesandquasi-speciesoftestedHIV-1isolateswereelucidated,andampliconsweresequencedforconfirmation.Results:Specificampliconsfromdifferentsubtypesandquasi-speciesofHIV-1couldbediscerniblebyHMAandSSCPanalysis.HIV-1isolatesfromdifferentpatientsmightbeeitheradifferentsrbtypeoranidenticalsubtype,andHIV-1isolatesfromanindividualwerepresentinapopulationofquasi-species.

简介：Inrecentyears,heavyionbeamshavebeenrecognizedasaneffectiveandefficientphysicalmutagenduetotheircapacitytoinducemutationswithhighfrequencyandbroadspectrum.Nowadays,itisnotsodifficulttoproducevariousmutantsinplants.However,tominetheresponsiblemutatedgeneshasbeenanimportantchallenge.Formutationisolation,map-basedcloningisoneofthemajortraditionalwaystoisolatethemutantgenesthatcontroltraitsofinterestinforwardgeneticsstudies.However,theprocessofmap-basedcloningisusuallycomplicatedandtime-consuming.

简介：在主人寄生虫相互作用的热吃惊蛋白质(hsps)的角色上的抽象很分子的工作集中了于脊椎动物，而非无脊椎动物。这里，互补DNA(cDNA)三hsp基因(hsp20，hsp75和hsp90)定序的完整的长度被endoparasitic黄蜂Pteromaluspuparum从Pierisrapae，和他们的transcriptional应答放大到parasitization被调查。hsp20，hsp75和hsp90的cDNA顺序分析揭示了531的开的读物框架，在长度的2328和2157bp，它编码蛋白质与分别地计算了19.5，75.48和82.7kDa的分子的重量。氨基酸序列的比较显示出那P。rapaehsp20分享了高度分叉的相同到另外的昆虫的，当hsp75和hsp90显示出高相同到他们另外的种类的对应物时。表示分析显示这三基因被P响应parasitization影响。puparum。在寄生于的蛹的hsp20抄本与非寄生于的蛹相比是更高的。hsp75和hsp90的表示是下面调整的跟随parasitization。结果显示hsps涉及host-parasitoid相互作用。