简介:在阿特伍德的小说《使女的故事》中,作者用文学的想象和叙事阐释了权力的无孔不入,权力政治的运作在社会的每个角落,每个主体都被它俘获。小说中身体被呈现为书写的对象,也是权力、意识形态、宗教等因素的作用对象。对身体的书写体现为对制服的符号语义学应用,通过服装将社会等级进行可视化分类与限定,使得基于视觉的对身体的驯服得到强有力执行。小说还呼应了福柯的身体权力力学机制,权力对身体的控制需要符合严格的物理学和力学原则,最终服务于政治目的和经济功用目的。小说中最为极端的权力形式方式就是对人口的控制、淘汰、管理和社会等级分层。本文结合福柯有关权力的理论探讨了阿特伍德小说的权力描写,以此阐释作者的权力观。
简介:ItwouldnotbeanexaggerationtosaythatthecentraleventinthepoliticalhistoryofEuropeinthetwentiethcenturywastheunmakingofgreatempiresandthemakingofsuccessornationalstates.FromtheHohenzollernGermanEmpiretotheformerYugoslavia,almostallgreatmultinationalstatesofthecontinentroseandeventuallyfellintheaftermathoftheGreatWar,theSecondWorldWar,andtheColdWar.Amongallspectacularimperialcollapsesandsometimeseventheirrebuildingandre-collapse,theonce-for-allfalloftheHabsburgEmpirein1918,arelativelylightweightamongstrongEuropeanstates,appearnotespeciallysignificant.Butashistorianshaverecentlybegantorecognize,thepoliticalcultureoftheHabsburgEmpireinitslastyearsandthesuccessorstateshadexercisedadisproportionallylargeinfluenceonthemakingofmodernEuropeandtheworld.Amongtheimportantquestionsdiscussedinrecentliteraturearetheterritorialdisputesofnewnationstates,1thecultivationofscienceanddomesticlife,2politicsandideologyofliberalism,3andthemakingofmultinationalempire.4