简介:Wesynthesized(Pb,Cd)Sr2(Y,Ca)Cu2O7+x,phasesuperconductor.AftersubstitutionofPbwithBi,theBiCd1212phaseshowsnosuperconductivity.AlthoughpreviousEXAFSstudyhasshownthelocalstructureenvironmentoftheCuissimilarinbothcompounds,EXAFSresultsofBiandPbheredemonstratethatσ2ofPb-Oin-planeislargerthanthatofBi-Oinplane,whereasσ^2ofPb-OapicalissmallerthanthatofBi-O,wheraseσ^2ofPb-OapicalissmallerthanthatofBi-Oapical.TheSrshellfeaturesarealsodiffernet,itappearedthatsuperconductivityneedssomedisorder.incarrierreservoirlayer,whichisduetothesubstitutionaldefectcausedbydifferentionicradii.
简介:TheHTScurrentleadsofsuperconductingmagnetsforlargescalefusiondevicesandhighenergyparticlecolliderscanreducethepowerconsumptionforcoolingby2/3comparedwithconventionalleads.Theresistivesectionsofhigh-ratedcurrentleadsareusuallymadeofaheatexchangercooledbygasflow.Thesupplyofthecoolingmassflowincursmorethan90%ofthecoolingcostfortheHTSleads.Themassflowraterequirementdependsnotonlyonthelengthandmaterialoftheresistiveheatexchanger,butalsoontheheattransfercoefficientandHEXsurface,thejointresistanceatthecoldendanditscoolingapproach.Thedesignandoperationofasheet-stackHEXwithalargerspecificsurfaceandamuchsmallerhydraulicdiameterarepresentedinthepaper.ThetestresultsofanHTSleadoptimizedfor8kAshowthata98.4%efficiencycanbeachieved.