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简介：Inthispaper,IwilldiscussthebackgroundofGharungpaLhavirgyalmtshan(1319-1403),theauthoroftheChosdbyingsgsalsgron(LamptoIlluminatetheExpanseofReality).Todate,Gharungpa,astudentofthefamousDolpopaShesrabrgyalmtshan(1292-1361),hasbeenlittlestudiedoutsideofTibet,andhisnamehasrarelycomeupeveninTibetanscholarship.Inordertohaveaclearunderstandingandafullerpictureofhiswrittings,wemustexplorethelifeoftheauthorhimselfaswellasthescholarlyenvironmentinwhichhelivedandwaseducated.

简介：ＬｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｔｒｅｔｃｈｉｎｇ，ＳｕｂｓｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｈｅｒｍａｌＨｉｓｔｏｒｙＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ：ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏＹｉｎｇｇｅｈａｉ，ＱｉｏｎｇｄｏｎｇｎａｎａｎｄＳｏｎｇｌｉａｏＢａｓｉｎｓｉｎＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ＊Ｌｉ...

简介：AbstractBackground:The impacts of previous cardio-cerebrovascular disease (pre-CCVD) on the outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are not well described. Patients with pre-CCVD may often be poor candidates for HCT. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-CCVD on transplant outcomes.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted between patients with and without pre-CCVD who consecutively received allogeneic or autologous HCT between November 2013 and January 2020 with a matching of age and disease status. The cardiovascular complications and HCT outcomes of the two groups were evaluated and compared. The primary endpoints were post-transplant cardio-cerebrovascular disease (post-CCVD) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model and the Fine-Gray competing risk regressions for analyses to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs).Results:The outcomes of 23 HCT recipients with pre-CCVD were compared with those of 107 patients in the control group. No significant differences were noted in terms of engraftment, overall survival (OS) (67.00% vs. 67.90%, P = 0.983), or relapse (29.78% vs. 28.26%, P = 0.561) between the pre-CCVD group and the control group. The cumulative incidences of 2-year NRM were similar between patients with pre-CCVD and the controls (14.68% vs. 17.08%, P = 0.670). However, pre-CCVD was associated with an increased incidence of post-CCVD (HR: 12.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.88-40.30, P < 0.001), which was an independent risk factor for increased NRM (HR: 10.29, 95% CI: 3.84-27.62, P < 0.001) and inferior OS (HR: 10.29, 95% CI: 3.84-27.62, P < 0.001).Conclusions:These findings suggest that the existence of pre-CCVD before transplantation might not result in increased mortality directly but superpose the toxicity of the transplantation procedure, leading to a risk of post-CCVD. Post-CCVD was a powerful predictor for high NRM and inferior OS. Further risk stratification of pre-CCVD is needed to reduce NRM in various transplantation settings.

简介：Inordertounifythenationwidepostage,in1909(thefirstyearofEmperorXuantong'sreign)theQingDynastysentDengWeibing,apostalpatrolofficial,toTibetfromBeijingtomakepreparationsforthelaunchofTibetanpostage.Inigio(thesecondyearofEmperorXuantong'sreign),theQingDynastysetupapostalheadofficeinLhasa,

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简介：<正>1IntroductionMostoftheworldwellknowpotashminesaredepositedinmarineenvironment.Regardingtheseriouspotashshortage,nosignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinmarinepotashinChina,whiletheterrestrialpotash

简介：<正>The30thanniversaryoftheInstitutefortheHistoryofAncientCivilizations(IHAC),NortheastNormalUniversityofChangchun(China)hasbeencelebratedwiththeInternationalConference‘PastandFutureofIHAC’from11thto12thOctober2014.EstablishedbytheChineseprofessorsZhouGucheng(FudanUniversity),WuYujin(WuhanUniversity),andLinZhichun(NortheastNormal

简介：BackgoundEssentialhypertension(EH)isapolygenicinheritabledisease,generallyknownasacombinedresultofgeneticandenvironmentalelements.ItispossiblethatIR、AngiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)andNOplayimportantrolesinthepathogenesisofEH.MethodsSixtynormalsubjectswithafamilyhistoryofEH,aged30to40yearsold,wererecruitedandrandomizedintotwogroups:30withoneparentand30withbothparentswithEH,and30subjectswithoutfamilyhistoryofEHascontrols.TheplasmalevelofNOwasdeterminedbyelectrophotometerwhiletheplasmaleveloffastinsulin(FINS)andAngⅡweredeterminedbyradioimmuno-assay,andinsulinresistanceindex(IRI)wascalculated.Results①TheplasmalevelsofFINS,AngⅡ,NOincreasedsignificantlyinstudygroupscomparedwiththoseinthecontrolgroup(P<0.01),whiletherewerenodifferencesinthelevelsofAngII,NObetweenthetwostudygroups(P>0.05).②TheplasmalevelofAngIIwerepositivelycorrelatedwiththatofNO(r=0.378,P<0.01).ConclusionsThehigherlevelsofIRandplasmaAngIIandNOexistbeforethedevelopmentofEHinnormaloffspringwithafamilyhistoryofEH,andmaybetheyareinitialagentsinthepathogenesisofEH.ItindicatesthatthepeoplewithIRandhighlevelsofplasmaAngⅡandNOwithafamilyhistoryofEHareathigherrisktodevelopEH.

简介：AbstractBackground:Family clustering of esophageal cancer (EC) has been found in high-risk areas of China. However, the relationships between cancer family history and esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions (ECPL) have not been comprehensively reported in recent years. This study aimed to provide evidence for identification of high-risk populations.Methods:This study was conducted in five high-risk areas in China from 2017 to 2019, based on the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer. The permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years were examined by endoscopy, and pathological examination was performed for suspicious lesions. Information on demographic characteristics, environmental factors, and cancer family history was collected. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate odds ratios between family history related factors and ECPL.Results:Among 33,008 participants, 6143 (18.61%) reported positive family history of EC. The proportion of positive family history varied significantly among high-risk areas. After adjusting for risk factors, participants with a family history of positive cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer or EC had 1.49-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.62), 1.52-fold (95% CI: 1.38-1.67), or 1.66-fold (95% CI: 1.50-1.84) higher risks of ECPL, respectively. Participants with single or multiple first-degree relatives (FDR) of positive EC history had 1.65-fold (95% CI: 1.47-1.84) or 1.93-fold (95% CI: 1.46-2.54) higher risks of ECPL. Participants with FDRs who developed EC before 35, 45, and 50 years of age had 4.05-fold (95% CI: 1.30-12.65), 2.11-fold (95% CI: 1.37-3.25), and 1.91-fold (95% CI: 1.44-2.54) higher risks of ECPL, respectively.Conclusions:Participants with positive family history of EC had significantly higher risk of ECPL. This risk increased with the number of EC positive FDRs and EC family history of early onset. Distinctive genetic risk factors of the population in high-risk areas of China require further investigation.Trial registration:ChiCTR-EOC-17010553.

简介：３５Ｍａ－ＡｎＩｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔＮａｔｕｒａｌＰｅｒｉｏｄｉｃｉｔｙｉｎＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＨｉｓｔｏｒｙ：ＣｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＣｒｉｓｉｓａｎｄＩｔｓＰｏｓｓｉｂｌｅＣａｕｓｅＳｈｉＸｉａｏｙｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏ?..

简介：Thenotableauthorityontectonicsandthehistoryofgeosciences,ProfessorCelalSengorfromIstanbul,hasproducedanotherremarkablebook-which,ashetellsthereader,grewrapidlyfromaninitialpaperintoamassivetome.JustasGeorgesCuvierlikedtheideaof‘burstingthelimitsoftime',soProfessorSengorhasagain‘burstthelimitsofapaper'!

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简介：<正>AttheinvitationofFriedrichEbertStiftung(FES)ofGermanyandCzechslovakForeignInstitute(CFI)oftheCzechRepublic,Mme.YanJunqi,Vice-ChairwomanoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress,ChairwomanoftheCentralCommitteeofChinaAssociationforPromotingDemocracyandPresidentofCAFIU

简介：Purpose:Thepurposeofthisstudywastocomparethecoordinationbetweenthetrunkandthepelvisduringasustainedasymmetricrepetitiveliftingtaskbetweenagroupwithahistoryoflowbackpain(LBP;HBP)andagroupwithnohistoryofLBP(NBP).Methods:Volunteerslifteda11-kgboxfromankleheightinfronttoashelf45°off-centeratwaistheight,andloweredittothestartpositionat12cycles/minfor10min.Liftingsidewasalternatedduringthetrial.Continuousrelativephasewasusedtocalculatecoordinationbetweenthepelvisandtrunkrotationatthebeginning(Min1),middle(Min5),andendofthebout(Min9).Results:Whiletherewerenomaineffectsforgroup,asignificantinteractionbetweentimeandgroupindicatedthat,inthefrontalplane,theNBPgroupcoordinationwasmoreanti-phasetowardtheendofthebout,withnosuchdifferencesfortheHBPgroup.Analysisofsagittal-axial(bendandtwist)coordinationrevealedtheHBPgroupcoordinationwasmorein-phaseattheendoftheboutovertheentirecycleandfortheliftingphasealone,withnosuchdifferencesfortheNBPgroup.Conclusion:DifferencesbetweengroupsdemonstrateresidualconsequencesofLBPinanoccupationalscenario,eventhoughtheHBPgroupwaspain-freefor>6monthspriortodatacollection.Morein-phasecoordinationintheHBPgroupmayrepresentacoordinationpatternanalogousto'guardedgait'whichhasbeenobservedinotherstudies,andmaylendinsightastowhytheseindividualsareatincreasedriskforre-injury.

简介：现存的类帕柳鲁斯·米勒被划分成P。ramosissimus和P。spina-christi组织并且是特征地与trilocular由特殊圆翅膀的水果描绘了(或经常bilocular)卵巢并且基础地，triveined与subentire离开到有锯齿的边缘。这里，在结构上保存了winged水果并且联系了Paliurus的压缩叶子(Paliureae，Rhamnaceae)从Tiantai的中间上面的中新世的Shengxian形成被报导，浙江，东方中国。水果能作为Paliurusmicrocarpa李祥川sp被识别。nov，外部形态学的诊断人物和哪个不同于那些的解剖现存并且石块通用成员；叶子能被指定为Paliurussp。种类基于winged水果，P。microcarpa，可能代表只越过P知道的一个古老的中间的连接。ramosissimus和P。spina-christi组织，显示出与P的一种更靠近的亲密关系。ramosissimus与一个更狭窄的翅膀基于resemblant组织更小的水果，并且到P。spina-christi组基于类似的翅膀结构和质地分别地。礼品和以前的石块水果记录的词法分析在全世界显示Paliurus的那多样化在北横渡太平洋区域开始了由晚始新世。macrofossil记录，即，Paliurus的水果和叶子当鉴于变化，在paleoenvironmental地图上投射了时，全球性，大陆人整个时间放(从对始新世中新世)类的过去的分发比礼品宽得多并且属于的显示北半球的一个热带、温暖的适度的领域。因此，在东亚和南方欧洲的热带、温暖的适度的区域的现代限制分离(向东弄平韦斯特亚洲)可能代表冰川的refugia让一些通用的古老的系至少自从终端上新世，熬过严重寒冷。

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简介：AssyriologyQIXiao,MATheReconstructionoftheArchiveofUr-Kununna,theScribeofAnimalCenterofUr-IIIDynasty(ulgi43ii-Ibbi-Sin2iv)(Supervisor:WuYuhong)

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