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简介：AdetailedsurveyofthereefsintheNanshaIslands’seathatareofstrategicimportanceisconducivetotheirfuturedevelopment.Inthisstudy,atotalof50Landsat8operationallandimager(OLI)imageswereusedtoanalyzethegeologicalfeaturesandspectralcharacteristicsoftheNanshareefs.Theexposedislands/sandbanks,reefflatsandsub-tidalreefswereidentifiedwiththenear-infraredband,theredandgreenbands,andtheblueband,respectively.BasedontherelationshipsamongvariouscharacteristicsandbandsillustratedintheOLIimages,themaximumbetween-clustervariancethresholdalgorithm(OTSUmethod)andthemathematicalmorphologywereemployedtoextractcharacteristicparametersofthespatialgeometryofthereefsfromtoptobottom,whichweresubsequentlyoperatedbyaseriesofpost-processingmethodssuchasvectorization,simplificationandtopologicalanalysis.Amongthe132standalonereefsand16atollsthatareidentifiedinthestudy,fourreefshaveyettobenamedintheStandardNamesofVariousIslandsintheSouthChinaSeaandthewebsiteNanshaIslandsOnline(http://www.nansha.org/).Another24onesareexposedtotheatmosphereevenduringhightides.TaipingIslandwithanareaof0.57km~2representsthelargestexposedgeologicalfeature.Thisstudydemonstratedtheapplicabilityofmedium-resolutionsatelliteimagestoderivethecoralreefinformationeffectivelyandthusprovidedinformationfortherelateddepartmentsthatareresponsibletomanagethecoast.Animprovedresolutionofmultispectralbandswiththepanchromaticbandinhigherspatialresolution(15mforOLIimage)isexpectedtoprovideanoptimumsatellitebasedapproachtomapmarinehabitats.

简介：Theimplementationofwirelesstechnologiesbasedonthevehicularadhocsensornetwork(VASNET)mayprovidesupportforthesearchandrescue(SAR)teamtooperateeffectivelyinnaturaldisasterevents,suchaslandslide,earthquake,flooding,andtsunami.TheoperationsofSARteamareverychallenginginsucheventsduetothepossibledamagesoftheexistingtelecommunicationinfrastructures.Theexistingdeploymentofthecellularcommunicationsinfrastructuremaybepartiallyorcompletelydestroyedaftertheoccurrenceofthesenaturaldisasters.Thus,thecurrentVASNETinfrastructuremustbeabletosupporttheinfrastructure-lessnetworkbyintegratingothergreenwirelesstechnologiesthatcanbenefittheSARteam,whichcanindirectlysavemorehumanlivesandreducethenumberofcasualties.Therefore,theintegrationofgreenInternetofthings(IoT)andVASNETisproposedtoformaheterogeneousframeworkfordatadisseminationinSARoperations.Inaddition,thispaperalsodiscussestheexistingIoTframeworkindisasterscenarioswithfutureresearchdirectionforIoTusingonanyaspect,especiallyrelatedtothenaturaldisasterscenarios.

简介：摘要：《英语课程标准》提倡“任务型”教学，“调查”这一活动形式是一个很好的实施方式，让学生在用中学，可以学以致用。但当前的教学较多的只是浮在表面，没有达到锻炼学生用英语去表达、去交际的能力，需大家再去探索研究。

简介：AbstractObjective:This survey was designed to understand the misconceptions about labor epidurals.Methods:This voluntary and anonymous online survey on wenjuan.com was conducted from September 1st, 2015 to January 1st, 2016 via mainly WeChat groups dedicated to perinatal healthcare providers in China. The questionnaire included items inquiring the knowledge and opinions about labor epidural analgesia related to maternal complications, baby safety, and effect on laboring. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the data analysis. The data was presented as percentages and a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appreciate, was used to quantitatively compare the results.Results:A total of 1412 respondents completed surveys with 42.9% (606/1412) of them being anesthesiologists, 35.1% (495/1412) being obstetricians, 11.8% (167/1412) being midwives, 3.7% (52/1412) being labor and delivery nurses, and 6.5% (92/1412) being hospital administrators and unspecified. The study revealed a lack of knowledge in labor pain control. Although 82.4% (1164/1412) of respondents were familiar with labor epidural analgesia, 8.9% (126/1412) did not know how it works, and 1.1% (15/1412) never heard it in a multiple-choice question. The three main groups (anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and midwives/labor and delivery nurses) were chosen for comparisons. Opinions among these three groups concerning five questions in the three main concerns were evaluated using a statistical significance of P<0.05.Conclusion:The results in our survey indicated an urgent need of continuing medical education to multidisciplinary specialties to improve evidence-based medical practices as these misconceptions have existed for over 10 years in the medical professionals. Lack of public awareness fueled by misconceptions related to labor epidural analgesia may be associated with a lack of professional knowledge. Correct knowledge in professionals needs to be disseminated to the public in order to dispel possible misconceptions and rumors about labor epidural analgesia. This would not only enhance patient understanding of their care but also improve maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheuptakerateofprostatespecificantigen(PSA)testingamongHongKongChinesemalesaged50orabove,andidentifyfactorsassociatedwiththelikelihoodofundergoingaPSAtest.Methods:Apopulation-basedtelephonesurveywasconductedinHongKongin2007.Thesurveycovereddemographicinformation,perceivedhealthstatus,useofcomplementarytherapy,cancerscreeningbehavior,perceivedsusceptibilitytocancerandfamilyhistoryofcancer.Descriptivestatistics,percentagesandlogisticregressionanalysiswereusedfordataanalysis.Results:Atotalof1,002menaged50orabovetookpartinthestudy(responserate=67%),andtheuptakerateofPSAtestingwasfoundtobe10%.Employmentstatus,useofcomplementarytherapy,perceivingregularvisitstoadoctorasgoodforhealthandtherecommendationsofhealthprofessionalsweresignificantfactorsassociatedwithPSAtesting.Conclusion:TheuptakerateofPSAtestinginthestudypopulationwasverylow.Amongallthefactorsidentified,recommendationsfromhealthprofessionalshadthestrongestassociationwiththeuptakeofPSAtesting,andtheyshouldthereforetakeanactiveroleineducatingthispopulationaboutcancerpreventionanddetection.

简介：在situ杂交(ISH)的RNA，包括发色的ISH(CISH)并且荧光灯ISH(鱼)，为在模型有机体揭示基因抄本的空间分发成为了一个强大的工具。以前，我们在豌豆蚜虫Acyrthosiphonpisum为整个山的RNACISH开发了一个柔韧的协议，一个新兴的昆虫genomic模型。以便改进基因察觉的解决的能力，我们包括地调查了整个山的RNA鱼的当前的协议并且开发了允许的协议用共焦的显微镜学，目标送信人RNA(mRNAs)的更清楚的可视化-与空间地重叠包括subcellularly局部性的那些和那些表示。我们发现那快基于染料的底层荧光(SF)，tyramide信号扩大(TSA)，和加所有的TSA启用识别基因表达式感谢到复合扩大荧光灯信号。由对比，直接荧光(DF)的方法不允许设想信号。一个单个基因目标的察觉与SF和为大多数mRNAs正的TSA被完成，而TSA仅仅在细菌房间允许象Apvas1和Appiwi2那样的丰富的抄本的可视化。为用两倍鱼的多重基因目标的察觉，我们推荐：(i)TSA/TSA，而非为colocalizedmRNAs正的TSAPlus/TSA富有地在细菌房间表示了，当朊酶K处理能被省略；并且(ii)为象酶的inactivation结合的Apen1和Apen2那样的另外的基因目标正的SF/TSA没被要求。SF/SF不由于信号变模糊为两倍鱼实验是理想的。为RNA鱼基于这些新条件，我们在豌豆蚜虫获得了germline说明和胚胎的分割的更好的理解。我们预计为豌豆蚜虫的RNA鱼协议可以也被用于另外的蚜虫并且可能另外的昆虫种类，因此扩展进开发和进化的有用卓见可以从被获得的种类的范围。

简介：ISince1990,asapersoninchargeofkeyresearchprojectsoftheChinaTibetologyResearchCenter,IhavehadopportunitiesalmosteveryyeartoconductfieldsurveysonanthropologyinTibettogetherwithmycolleagues.Ourinvestigationsfocusonthefamily.

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简介：BackgroundValvularheartdisease(VHD)isdefinedasastructuralorfunctionalabnormalityincardiacvalvewhichencompassesanumberofcommoncardiovascularconditions.ThisstudywasaimedtoanalyzetheepidemiologicalchangesofVHDinasinglecardiovascularcenterofSouthernChina.MethodsAtotalof13,138VHDpatientsofGuangdonggeneralhospitalfromJanuary2011toDecember2013werescreenedbytransthoracicechocardiography(TTE)ortransesophagealechocardiography(TEE)andenrolledforthisstudy.Themorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagementofthesepatientswereanalyzed.Continuousvariableswereexpressedasmean±standarddeviation.Categoricalvariableswereexpressedasratioorpercentage.ResultsPatientsinthisstudyweredividedintodifferentgroupsandwereanalyzedthroughoutchangesinmorbidity,etiologicalspectrumandmanagement.ConclusionsTheprevalenceofVHDremainshighinSouthernChinaandRHDisstilltheleadingetiologyofVHD.Butmorbidityrateisreducedandsurgeryisstillthemaintreatmentoption.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China.Methods:The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD.Results:A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05).Conclusion:Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.

简介：AccordingtothewebsiteofNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission(NHFPC0,resultsofSurveyonHotIssuesaboutHappinessofChineseFamilies2013wasreleasedinBeijingonJanuary15,2014.ThesurveywasorganizedbyFamilyDepartmentofNationalHealth

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简介：Familyhappinessisanimportantindextogaugenationalwell-being.Thedemandofafamilyisthebasicneedforpeople'slivelihood.TounderstandthefamilydevelopmentsituationandthedemandandmoodoffamilymembersinChina,thefirst'OnlineSurveyonFamilyHappinessinChina'waslaunched

简介：摘要：随着我国经济的发展、社会的进步及城市化进程的加快，基础设施建设迅速发展，很多建设工程都对测绘产品提出了相应速度快、测绘精度高等要求。无人机遥感技术出现与发展，其在复杂的地形、高精度的测量任务中具有响应快、数据精度高等优点满足各类经济建设对测绘需求。基于此，以下对工程测量中无人机遥感技术的运用进行了探讨，以供参考。

简介：Basedonthefirst-handdataofthehouseholdsurveyoftargetedpovertyalleviationpolicies,fivedimensionswereanalyzedfromtheresidentialregions,theindividualcharacteristics,thehouseholdincomecharacteristics,thepovertystatusandthefarmers’relevancytopovertyalleviationpolicies.Throughdescriptivestatisticsandcorrelationanalysis,thesatisfactionoftargetedpovertyalleviationpoliciesanditsinfluencingfactorshavebeeninspected.Itisfoundthatthefarmers,onthewhole,aresatisfiedwiththetargetedpovertyalleviationpolicies.Theirsatisfactionfortheimplementationoflocalpovertyalleviationpoliciesisinamoderatehighlevel,howeveratthesametimetheyexpectthepoliciestobeimproved.TheimpoverishedfarmersinsouthernShaanxihavehighersatisfactiontowardsthepovertyalleviationpolicies.Thosefarmers’awareness,participation,andbenefitarepositivelyrelatedtothelevelofsatisfactiontowardspolicies.Theimplementationofthepovertyalleviationfromthegovernmentisnotonlyfavorableforitspeople,butalsothecountry.Itcangreatlyenhancetherecognitionofthegovernment’slegitimacyandlocalgovernment’scredibility.Toformulateandimplementthetargetedalleviationpolicies,therelationshipbetweenfarmers,especiallyimpoverishedfarmers,andsuchpoliciesshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Thestartingpointandjudgingcriteriaofpovertyalleviationjobshouldbebasedonquestionswhetherthefarmersknow,need,andhavethewillingtoparticipateinandsatisfywiththepolicies.Thosefarmers’righttoknow,participate,benefitandjudgeshouldbeprotected,anditwillcontinuouslypromotetheefficiencyofimplementingpovertyalleviation.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common monogenic diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Chinese young adults.Methods:From April 2015 to October 2017, this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China, newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years, with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core laboratory. Sequencing using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel was performed, and variants of 14 MODY genes were interpreted as per current guidelines.Results:The survey determined 18 patients having genetic variants causing MODY (6 HNF1A, 5 GCK, 3 HNF4A, 2 INS, 1 PDX1, and 1 PAX4). The prevalence of MODY was 0.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.08%). The clinical characteristics of MODY patients were not specific, 72.2% (13/18) of them were diagnosed after 35 years, 47.1% (8/17) had metabolic syndrome, and only 38.9% (7/18) had a family history of diabetes. No significant difference in manifestations except for hemoglobin A1c levels was found between MODY and non-MODY patients.Conclusion:The prevalence of MODY in young adults with phenotypic T2DM was 0.74%, among which HNF1A-, GCK-, and HNF4A-MODY were the most common subtypes. Clinical features played a limited role in the recognition of MODY.

简介：AbstractBackground:It is crucial to improve the quality of care provided to ICU patient, therefore a national survey of the medical quality of intensive care units (ICUs) was conducted to analyze adherence to quality metrics and outcomes among critically ill patients in China from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This was an ICU-level study based on a 15-indicator online survey conducted in China. Considering that ICU care quality may vary between secondary and tertiary hospitals, direct standardization was adopted to compare the rates of ICU quality indicators among provinces/regions. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify potential factors for in-hospital mortality and factors related to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs).Results:From the survey, the proportions of structural indicators were 1.83% for the number of ICU inpatients relative to the total number of inpatients, 1.44% for ICU bed occupancy relative to the total inpatient bed occupancy, and 51.08% for inpatients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores ≥15. The proportions of procedural indicators were 74.37% and 76.60% for 3-hour and 6-hour surviving sepsis campaign bundle compliance, respectively, 62.93% for microbiology detection, 58.24% for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, 1.49% for unplanned endotracheal extubations, 1.99% for extubated inpatients reintubated within 48 hours, 6.38% for unplanned transfer to the ICU, and 1.20% for 48-hour ICU readmission. The proportions of outcome indicators were 1.28‰ for VAP, 3.06‰ for CRBSI, 3.65‰ for CAUTI, and 10.19% for in-hospital mortality. Although the indicators varied greatly across provinces and regions, the treatment level of ICUs in China has been stable and improved based on various quality control indicators in the past 5 years. The overall mortality rate has dropped from 10.19% to approximately 8%.Conclusions:The quality indicators of medical care in China’s ICUs are heterogeneous, which is reflected in geographic disparities and grades of hospitals. This study is of great significance for improving the homogeneity of ICUs in China.