简介:N^6-methyladenosine(m^6A)isanessentialRNAmodificationthatregulateskeycellularprocesses,includingstemcellrenewal,cellulardifferentiation,andresponsetoDNAdamage.Unsurprisingly,aberrantm6Amethylationhasbeenimplicatedinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofdiversehumancancers.Alteredm6AlevelsaffectRNAprocessing,mRNAdegradation,andtranslationofmRNAsintoproteins,therebydisruptinggeneexpressionregulationandpromotingtumorigenesis.Recentstudieshavereportedthattheabnormalexpressionofm6Aregulatoryenzymesaffectsm6Aabundanceandconsequentlydysregulatestheexpressionoftumorsuppressorgenesandoncogenes,includingMYC,SOCS2,ADAM19,andPTEN.Inthisreview,wediscussthespecificrolesofm6A“writers",“erasers”,and“readers”innormalphysiologyandhowtheiralteredexpressionpromotestumorigenesis.Wealsodescribethepotentialofexploitingtheaberrantexpressionoftheseenzymesforcancerdiagnosis,prognosis,andthedevelopmentofnoveltherapies.
简介:Glioblastoma(GBM)isoneofthedeadliesttumorsandhasamediansurvivalof3monthsifleftuntreated.Despiteadvancesinrationallytargetedpharmacologicalapproaches,theclinicalcareofGBMremainspalliativeinintent.Sincethemajorityofalteredsignalingcascadesinvolvedincancerestablishmentandprogressioneventuallyaffectcellcycleprogression,analternativeapproachforcancertherapyistodevelopinnovativecompoundsthatblocktheactivityofcrucialmoleculesneededbytumorcellstocompletecelldivision.Inthiscontext,wereviewpromisingongoingandfuturestrategiesforGBMtherapeuticsaimedtowardsG2/Minhibitionsuchasanti-microtubuleagentsandtargetedtherapyagainstG2/Mregulatorslikecyclin-dependentkinases,Aurorainhibitors,PLK1,BUB,1,andBUBR1,andsurvivin.Moreover,wealsoincludeinvestigationalagentsinthepreclinicalandearlyclinicalsettings.Althoughseveraldrugswereshowntobegliotoxic,mostofthemhavenotyetenteredtherapeutictrials.TheuseofeithersingleexposureoracombinationwithnovelcompoundsmayleadtotreatmentalternativesforGBMpatientsinthenearfuture.
简介:Gastrointestinal(GI)cancerisoneofthemostcommoncausesofcancer-relateddeathsworldwide.Tumormarkersarevaluableindetectingpost-surgicalrecurrenceorinmonitoringresponsetochemotherapy.PyruvatekinaseisoformM2(PKM2),aglycolyticenzymecatalyzingconversionofphosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)topyruvate,confersagrowthadvantagetothetumorcellsandenablesthemtoadapttothetumormicroenvironment.Inthisreview,wehavesummarizedcurrentresearchontheexpressionandregulationofPKM2intumorcells,anditspotentialroleinGIcarcinogenesisandprogression.Furthermore,wehavealsodiscussedthepotentialofPKM2asadiagnosticandscreeningmarker,andatherapeutictargetinGIcancer.
简介:目的:评价^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像对乳腺肿瘤和腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:52例女性乳腺肿瘤患者,体检腋窝未扪及肿块。应用^99Tc^m-MIBI740MBq(20mCi)经肘静脉注射,行乳腺和腋窝显像,并用手术、病理加以对照。结果:48例乳腺肿瘤患者中,^99Tc^m-MIBI显像真阳性32例,灵敏度为84%(32/38例),特异性60%(6/10例),准确性79%,40例乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的灵敏度为71%(10/14例),特异性88%(23/26例),准确性83%。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像既可以显示乳腺肿瘤又能了解腋窝淋巴结的灵敏度为71%(10/14例),特异性88%(23/26例),准确性83%。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像既可以显示乳腺肿瘤又能了解腋窝淋巴结,是核素乳腺显像的首选方法之一。
简介:胃切除术后排空障碍分为机械性和功能性两种,对前者需再手术治疗,而对后者的处理方法则有其独特性,由于处理方法截然不同,因此鉴别诊断很重要.现仅将我院1970年~1996年胃癌术后发生23例功能性排空障碍的原因及其对策报告如下:1临床资料1.1一般资料本组行胃癌根治术653例患者中,术后发生功能性排空障碍者23例,占3.5%.男20例,女3例;年龄为30岁~72岁.胃癌20例,贲门癌3例.1.2手术方式胃大部切除B—Ⅰ式3例,B—Ⅱ式或Rouy—Y吻合术17例,近端胃切除3例.1.3临床诊断多在胃肠功能已恢复(肛门已排气),进食3~11天后,突然发生进食困难,呕吐,呕出物以液体和胆汁为主,持续时间为7~40天.上消化道钡餐X线透视发现残胃有液体潴留,钡剂通过吻合口到肠道缓慢,残胃蠕动减弱;胃镜检查无任何机械性梗阻.除外机械性排空障碍.
简介:Objective:Squamousesophagealcarcinomaishighlyprevalentindevelopingcountries,especiallyinChina.TuBeiMu(TBM),atraditionalfolkmedicine,hasbeenusedtotreatesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma(ESCC)foralongterm.tubeimosideI(TBMS1)isthemaincomponentofTBM,exhibitinggreatanticancerpotential.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthemechanismofTBMS1cytotoxiceffectonEC109cells.Methods:Comparativenuclearproteomicapproachwasappliedinthecurrentstudyandweidentifiedseveralalteredproteinspots.Furtherbiochemicalstudieswerecarriedouttodetectthemitochondrialmembranepotential,cellcycleandcorrespondingproteins’expressionandlocation.Results:SubcellularproteomicstudyinthenucleusfromEC109cellsrevealedthatalteredproteinswereassociatedwithmitochondrialfunctionandcellproliferation.FurtherbiochemicalstudiesshowedthatTBMS1-inducedmoleculareventswererelatedtomitochondria-inducedintrinsicapoptosisandP21-cyclinB1/cdc2complex-relatedG2/Mcellcyclearrest.Conclusions:ConsideringtheconventionalapplicationofTBMinesophagealcancer,TBMS1thereforemayhaveagreatpotentialasachemotherapeuticdrugcandidateforESCC.
简介:目的回顾性分析并总结我科75岁以上高龄髋部骨折合并认知功能障碍患者的治疗方法。方法选取2008年6月至2018年6月我科收治的23例75岁以上髋部骨折合并认知功能障碍患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、骨折类型、麻醉方式、内固定方式、术前等待时间、术后全身和局部并发症、患者满意度,总结高龄髋部骨折合并认知功能障碍患者的治疗经验。结果本组中,11例出现全身或局部并发症,发生率47.8%,分别为:全身并发症30.4%(n=7),局部并发症17.4%(n=4)。全身并发症发生情况,分别为:1例肺栓塞、2例肺部感染、2例肠梗阻、1例下肢深静脉血栓形成、1例股骨头坏死。局部并发症发生情况分别为:1例褥疮、3例尿路感染。整体治疗满意度为87%。结论高龄髋部骨折合并认知功能障碍的患者,通过积极的术前计划、术中监测和术后管理,可有效降低患者的并发症发生率,提高治疗效果。
简介:胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是治疗胰头部、壶腹部等恶性肿瘤及局限于胰头部良性疾病的标准术式.经过几十年的发展,虽然PD相关死亡率从30%降至1%[1],但其并发症发生率仍高达40%~60%,其中最常见的两个并发症为胃排空障碍(delayedgastricemptying,DGE)和胰瘘.10%~40%的患者术后出现DGE,DGE加重了术后营养不良,延迟术后饮食的恢复,延长住院时间,增加住院费用,降低生活质量,故需引起临床医生的高度重视,本文检索目前与胰十二指肠切除术后DGE治疗的相关循证医学证据,提出胰十二指肠切除术后DGE的循证治疗策略.
简介:Aseventyeightyearsoldmalepatientunderwentawholebody18F-FDGPET/CTimagingtodiagnosethelesionwhichwasshowedintherightlungbyachestXraytestandCTscanbefore.Besidestheintense18F-FDGuptakeofthelesionintherightlung,alesionintheleftparotidglandalsoshowedintense18F-FDGuptake.Toevaluatethepathologyofthelesionintheleftparotidgland,aparotidglandscintigraphyimagingwithTc-99mpertechnetatewasdoneandrevealedaWarthin'stumor.Laterafineneedleaspiration(FNA)confirmedthatitwasaWarthin'stumor.
简介:目的探讨全反式维甲酸(all-transretinoicacid,ATRA)提高人结肠癌细胞亚株SW480/M5对奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin,L-OHP)敏感性的可能机制.方法MTT法筛选ATRA和L-OHP实验浓度.流式细胞仪检测ATRA对肿瘤细胞周期影响.分别用ATRA、L-OHP、ATRA联合L-OHP作用SW480/M5细胞,MTT法检测药物对肿瘤细胞抑制率,流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞周期及凋亡率,原子光谱吸收仪检测肿瘤细胞DNA含铂(Pt)量.结果L-OHP抑制SW480/M5细胞增殖的GI50为58.0mg/L,主要阻滞肿瘤细胞在S和G2/M期.ATRA8.0μmol/L作用24小时后,G1期细胞减少,S期细胞增多;作用72小时后,S期和G2/M期细胞增加并明显抑制肿瘤细胞增殖.8.0μmol/LATRA作用至48小时后联合L-OHP,两药联合由相加作用转变为协同作用;联合用药后S期和G2/M期细胞明显增多,细胞DNA含Pt量显著增加,呈时效依赖性.相对于单独用药,联合用药并不上调肿瘤细胞凋亡率.结论ATRA通过改变SW480/M5细胞周期和提高细胞DNA含Pt量,明显增加肿瘤细胞对L-OHP敏感性.
简介:目的观察述情障碍对肺癌术后患者治疗依从性和生活质量指标的影响。方法89例肺癌术后患者接受了“多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)”、治疗依从性调查问卷和世界卫生组织生存质量评定简表BREF(WHO—QOL—BREF)评估。结果高TAS评分组(≥71.08分,52例)的康复训练依从性、综合治疗依从性、改变生活方式依从性等分项评分和平均依从性总分均明显低于低TAS评分组(〈71.08分,34例;P〈0.05)。两组患者的生活质量评分比较中,高TAS评分组的生理因素、心理因素、社会关系、环境影响等分项评分和总生活评分、总健康评分均明显低于低TAS评分组(P〈0.05)。结论肺癌术后患者的述情障碍是影响其治疗依从性和生活质量的重要因素之一.