Intermsofenergyuseandcarbonfootprint,itistheprimaryprocessesofironmakingandsteelmakingthatcommandmostattentioninourindustry.Therollingmills,althoughenergy-intensivebycomparisonwithmostindustrialfinishingoperations,areoftenoverlookedwhenasteelcompanyconsidersitsenvironmentalresponsibilitiesanditsenergy-savingopportunities.Thehighgearingofenergyconsumptionoftheprimaryprocessesoverthefinishingprocesseshasanimportantconsequence,however.Thekeytogreenrollingisasmuchaboutyield(andavoidingtheremeltingofscrap)asitisaboutdirectenergyuse.Thispaperusesaprojectcasestudy,thedesignandcommissioningoftheEndlessStripProcessing(ESP)plantofArvediinItalytoillustratehowmodernrollingmillsarecontributingtoagreenersteelindustry.Therelevanttechnicalfeaturesincludetheenergysavingsimplicitinnear-netshapecastingandindirectrolling,withoutintermediatereheating,advancesindriveandpowerconversiontechnologiesandtheaforementionedconceptofenergysavingthroughyieldmaximisation.Somenotableco-operativeeffortstowardsgreenerrollingarealsoexplained,includinguniversitycollaborationsandinparticulartheWellMet2050projectattheUniversityofCambridge.Inconclusion,thegreencredentialsofsteelusageingeneralindustryareconsideredandkeymessagesfortheengineeringcommunityaresought.
