Internationalcooperationtoaddressclimatechangenowstandsatacrossroads.WithanewinternationalregimeforemissionsreductionestablishedbytheDurbanPlatform,"NewClimateEconomics(NCE)"hasbecomearesearchhotspot.Theneedforurgentactiontocombatclimatechangehasprompteddiscussiononreformsofeconomicgrowthpatternsandtheenergysystem.Theindustrialcivilization,therefore,nowfacesatransitiontowardsanewpathwayforecologicalsustainability.NCEexploresneweconomicconcepts,theories,andanalyticalmethodstodesignabalancedpathwayforsustainablegrowthandemissionreduction.Insteadofgettingtrappedindiscussionsonallocationofemissionreductionresponsibilitiesandobligationsamongcountries,NCEpaysmoreattentiontodevelopingwin-winmultilateralcooperationmechanismsthatfacilitatecollaborativeR&Dandknowledgesharing.Inaddition,NCEstudiesincentivesforlow-carbontransition,turningcarbonemissionreductionintoadomesticneedforcountriestoincreasetheirinternationalcompetitiveness.Toachievethe2°Ctarget,mostcountriesaroundtheworldfacechallengesofinsufficientemissionallowancestocoverexpectedemissionsassociatedwiththeirprojectedeconomicgrowth.Ascarbonemissionsrightsbecomesanincreasinglyscarceresource,increasingthecarbonproductivityoftheeconomyturnstobethecriticalpathtoaddressthedilemmaofgreenorgrowth.NCEstudiesthehistoricalevolutionofcarbonproductivityforcountriesatdifferentdevelopmentstagesaswellaswaystoenhancesuchcarbonproductivity.Thistypeofstudyprovidesinvaluablelessonsforemergingeconomiestoreachtheirownemissionpeakswithoutlosingthemomentumofgrowth.Replacingfossilfuelswithnewandrenewableenergyhasproventobeaninevitablechoiceforreshapingtheenergysystemandaddressingclimatechange-ithasalreadybecomeaglobaltrend.NCEstudiesincentivesfornewenergytechnologyinnovationanddeploymentprovidedbycarbonpricing,andshedsligh
