TheEnvironmentalPlanningandManagement(EPM)approachwasintroducedinDaresSalaamin1992.Since1998theconceptisbeingreplicatedinalltheMunicipalitiesinthecountry.Overall,theprogrammeisbenefitingmorethan50percentoftheurbanpopulationinthecountry.Thetwoinitiativespresented-theHannaNassifCommunity-BasedUpgradingwhichadoptedaninnovativeapproachinbothitsinstitutionalsetupandtheuseoflabour-intensivecommunitycontractingandcommunitymanagement,andthesolidwastemanagementinitiativeinvolvingprivateandcommunity-basedcollectionmethods,bothofwhichbuildcapacitywithinthecommunityfortheimprovementofinfrastructureasameansofreducingpoverty,illustratesomeoftheachievementsandimoactsrealizedandlessonslearnt.
