Thec-JunN-terminalkinases(JNKs)areclassicstress-activatedproteinkinases.ManycellularstresseshavebeenshowntostimulateJNKactivation.Inthisreview,wefocusonribotoxicstressesbasedontheirmultiplebiologicalpotenciesincludinganti-HIV-1activity.Someofthefunctionsofribotoxinsandthesignalingtransductionpathwaythatmediatedarementioned.Differentfromotherstimulators,ribotoxicstressesactonspecialmotifsof28SrRNAintranslationallyactivemammalribosomes.BindinganddamagingonthemotifleadstoJNKactivationandsubsequentlybiologicalresponsetothesignalinitiator,whichisnamedribotoxicstressresponse.