简介:IntermsofERBEandISCCPdata.andmeasured/calculatedsurfacenetradiation,computationisperformedoftheclimaticcharacteristicsofANR(atmosphericnetradiation)acrossChinaalongsidewiththediscussionandrelationstoothertwokindsofradiationandcontributingfactors.EvidencesuggestsahighlinearcorrelationofANRwithatmosphere-absorbedshortwaveradiation.wherebycanbeestablishedageneralexpressionforANR,whichdecreasesmoresharplyasafunctionofaltitudeandincreasesslightlywithlatitudeinsummer,andchangesuniformlyinwinter.Eventually,acomparisonismadeofthefindingspresentedinthispaperandliteraturesregardingtheANRpatternandmagnitudes,indicatingtheirgreatdifference.
简介:Thispaperdescribesandteststwomodelsforestimatingnetradiation(ortheradiationbalance)onslopingsurfacesofalpineenvironments.Theyareanempiricalmethodbasedonthelinearrelationshipbetweennetradiationandglobalsolarradiationandaflux-by-fluxmethodinvolvingtheestimationofalltheindividualcomponentsofradiationbudgetindependently.Theresultsshowthattheempiricalmethodiscapableofpredictinghourlynetradiationonslopingsur-facestowithinabout±53Wm-2underallskyconditions.Duringclearskyconditions,itcouldpredictnetradiationonslopestowithin±58Wm-2or16%ofthemeasuredvalues.Theflux-by-fluxmethod,althoughitdidnotperformaswellastheempiricalmethod,performedadequatelyandcouldgiveestimatesofnetradiationonslopeswithrootmeansquareerroroflessthan74Wm-2(20%)andameanbiaserrorof27Wm-2(7%).
简介:,并且因而在生物资源生产和呼吸上评估合成化肥N申请的影响份量上在各种各样的农业惯例下面在庄稼呼吸探讨织物N的角色,并且因此捕捞碳固定效率(Encf),壶和田间试验为从2001~2003收割系统的大米小麦的年度旋转被执行。壶实验的处理包括了化肥N申请,播种日期和种的密度。N申请的不同的率在田间试验被测试。静态的不透明的房间被用于采样气体。公司2排放被气体检测的呼吸用色层法分离。一个连续生物资源抓紧方法被采用决定庄稼自造营养物质的呼吸系数(R)。从壶实验的结果揭示了在R象R和织物N>=4.74N−1.45(R2=0.85,P<0.001)。从田间试验的大小和计算显示化肥N申请支持了生物资源生产而且增加了庄稼的呼吸不仅。进一步的调查证明碳损失的增加以由于化肥N申请的呼吸超过了网络碳获得的以未葬生物资源当化肥N在某个率上被使用时。因而,E当N申请率增加了,ncf衰退了。
简介:Netprimaryproduction(NPP)ofcroprepresentsthecapacityofsequestratingatmosphericCO_2inagro-ecosystem,anditplaysanimportantroleinterrestrialcarboncycling.BylinkingtheCrop-CmodelwithclimatechangescenarioprojectedbyacoupledGCMFGOALSviageographicalinformationsystem(GIS)techniques,cropNPPinChinawassimulatedfrom2000to2050.ThenationalaveragedsurfaceairtemperaturefromFGOALSisprojectedtoincreaseby1.0℃overthisperiodandthecorrespondingatmosphericCO_2concentrationis535ppmby2050undertheIPCCAIBscenario.Withaspatialresolutionof10×10km~2,modelsimulationindicatedthatanannualaverageincreaseof0.6TgCyr~(-1)(Tg=10~(12)g)wouldbepossibleundertheAIBscenario.TheNPPinthelate2040swouldincreaseby5%(30TgC)withinthe98×10~6hm~2croplandareaincontrastwiththatintheearly2000s.AfurtherinvestigationsuggestedthatchangesintheNPPwouldnotbeevenlydistributedinChina.AhigherincreasewouldoccurinamajorityofregionslocatedineasternandnorthwesternChina,whileaslightreductionwouldappearinHebeiandTianjininnorthernChina.ThespatialcharacteristicsofthecropNPPchangeareattributedprimarilytotheunevendistributionoftemperaturechange.