简介：Thethermodynamicprocessoftwomacroalgae,SargassumfusiformeandLaminariajaponica,absorbingheavymetalionsCu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+andNi2+,hasbeenstudied.TheresultindicatesthattheabsorptionisothermsofthesetwomacroalgaeclearlyaccordwiththeLandmuiradsorptionmodel.TheabsorptiveprocessesofS.fusiformeandL.japonicaforCu2+areendothermal,andat35℃,theadsorptionheatofthesetwoalgaeis59.5kJ/moland76.8kJ/molrespectively.Temperaturecouldaffectthealgae'sadsorptioncapacity.Theiradsorptioncapacityincreaseswithtemperature(25℃and35℃).

简介：Twodifferentmethodsforincorporatingdiffractioneffectintowaveactionbalanceequationbasedcoastalspectralwavemodels,WABEDandSWAN,arediscussedandevaluatedwithrespecttotheirformulations,numericalimplementations,andmodelingcapabilities.Bothmodelswereruntosimulatethewavetransformationthroughagapbetweentwoinfinitelylongbreakwatersandthatacrossanellipticalshoalobservedinlaboratorystudies,withtheemphasislaidonthediffractioninducedbyeitherobstaclesorwaveamplitudevariations.CalculationsofWABEDwerecomparedwithSommerfeld'sanalyticalsolutions,experimentalobservationsandSWANsimulations.Itisshownthatbothmethodscanpredictreasonablywavediffractionforthetwocasesstudiedherein,andafairlybetterperformanceisprovidedbyWABEDforstrongerdiffractioncase.

简介：SequencevariationofpartialcytochromebgenesbetweentwoCoiliaspecies,C.ectenesandC.mystus,wasinvestigated.Ofthe402nucleotides,twenty-seven(6.72%)arepolymorphicandallaresynonymoussubstitutions.Atthethirdpositionsofgeneticcondonofcytochromebgene,thetwospeciesshowanextremeanti-Gbias(＜4%)andapronouncedbiastowardsAandC(＞68%).Thereisnoaminoacidsequencedivergencebetweenthepartialcytochromebgenesofthetwospecies,indicatingaclosegeneticrelationshipbetweenthem.Thek-2pgeneticdistanceofpartialcytochromebsegmentofthetwospeciesis0.072,suggestingthatthespecieswereseparated3.6Maago,inthemiddlePliocene.Ourresultrevealsthatthecytochromebgeneisanappropriatemarkerforstudiesofpopulationgeneticstructuresandphylogeographicpatternsofthetwospecies.

简介：Cytogeneticanalysiswasperformedforthebayscallop(ArgopectenirradiansLamarck1819)andtheJapanesescallop(PatinopectenyessoensisJay1857)byprimedinsitulabeling(PRINS)andpropidiumiodide(PI)bandingtechniques.ThePRINSanalysisrevealedthatmajorrRNAgeneswereclusteredintwolocionthetelomericregionsoftheshortarmsontwoacrocentricchromosomepairsinA.irradiansandontwosubmetacentricpairsinP.yessoensis.ThehistoneH3genesitesdifferedinnumberandlocationbetweenthesetwospecies.TheC-band-likepatternsrevealedbyPIstainingvariedconsiderablybetweenthesetwospecies.A.irradiansdisplayedterminalbandsatlongarmsonallchromosomes,centromericbandsonsomepairsandinterstitialbandsonfivepairs.P.yessoensisexhibitedonlycentromericbandsonallchromosomes.TheseresultswouldcontributetothebetterunderstandingofkaryotypeevolutioninA.irradiansandP.yessoensis.

简介：能够lysing的所有以前报导的细菌的种类有害水藻从有害水藻花蕾在发生了的沿海的环境被孤立。由于在一个海藻的花蕾的水藻细胞溶解细菌的低集中，由存在方法孤立水藻细胞溶解细菌是困难的。在这篇论文，二水藻细胞溶解细菌的紧张，P01；P03，从在在移开水藻是高度有效的海绵上使不能调动的一个简历系统被孤立；microcystins。他们的lysing模式；Microcystisaeruginosa上的效果被学习了。降级为M这二紧张处理的结果表演。当时，与一阶的反应给予的aeruginosa当模特儿集中在从0～1000μgL的范围的叶绿素[1]。降级率常数是0.1067，0.1274；0.2792为P01；0.0683，0.0744；0.02897为P03当细菌的密度是8.6×1时0[5]，8.6×10[6]；8.6×10[7]房间mL[1]分别地。而且，二细菌的紧张在M上有赞成lysin的效果不仅。aeruginosa，而且上小球藻；Scene-desmus。他们M上的lysin的效果。aeruginosa没要求物理房间到房间接触，但是由一个细胞外的产品的生产继续。细菌的紧张被16SrRNA基因的PCR扩大作为杆菌种类识别，强风分析，；有在GenBank核苷酸数据库的序列的比较。

简介：ThederivationofGreenfunctioninatwo-layerfluidmodelhasbeentreatedindifferentways.Inatwo-layerfluidwiththeupperlayerhavingafreesurface,thereexisttwomodesofwavespropagatingduetothefreesurfaceandtheinterface.ThispaperisconcernedwiththederivationofGreenfunctionsinthethreedimensionalcaseofastationarysourceoscillating.Thesourcepointislocatedeitherintheupperorlowerpartofatwo-layerfluidoffinitedepth.Thederivationiscarriedoutbythemethodofsingularities.Thismethodhasanadvantageinthatitinvolvesrepresentingthepotentialasasumofsingularitiesormultipolesplacedwithinanystructuresbeingpresent.Furthermore,experienceshowsthatthesystemsofequationsresultedfromusingasingularitymethodpossessexcellentconvergencecharacteristicsandonlyafewequationsareneededtoobtainaccuratenumericalresults.Validationisdonebyshowingthatthederivedtwo-layerGreenfunctioncanbereducedtothatofasinglelayeroffinitedepthorthattheupperGreenfunctioncoincideswiththatofthelower,foreachcase.Theeffectofthedensityontheinternalwavesisdemonstrated.Also,itisshownhowthesurfaceandinternalwaveamplitudesarecomparedforboththewavemodes.Thefluidinthiscaseisconsideredtobeinviscidandincompressibleandtheflowisirrotational.

简介：Avertical(laterallyaveraged)two-dimensionalhydrodynamicmodelisdevelopedfortides,tidalcurrent,andsalinityinabranchedestuarinesystem.ThegoverningequationsaresolvedwiththehydrostaticpressuredistributionassumptionandtheBoussinesqapproximation.Anexplicitschemeisemployedtosolvethecontinuityequations.ThemomentumandmassbalanceequationsaresolvedimplicitlyintheCartesiancoordinatesystem.Thetributariesaregovernedbythesamedynamicequations.Acontrolvolumeatthejunctionsisdesignedtoconservemassandvolumetransportinthefinitedifferenceschemes,basedonthephysicalprincipleofcontinuummediumoffluid.Predictionsbythedevelopedmodelarecomparedwiththeanalyticsolutionsofsteadywind-drivencirculatoryflowandtidalflow.Themodelresultsforthevelocitiesandwatersurfaceelevationscoincidewithanalyticresults.ThemodelisthenappliedtotheTanshuiRiverestuarinesystem.Detailedmodelcalibrationandverificationhavebeenconductedwithmeasuredwatersurfaceelevations,tidalcurrent,andsalinitydistributions.Theoverallperformanceofthemodelisinqualitativeagreementwiththeavailablefielddata.ThecalibratedandverifiednumericalmodelhasbeenusedtoquantifythetidalprismandflushingrateintheTanshuiRiver-TahanStream,HsintienStream,andKeelungRiver.

简介：-InastudyofmeiofaunapolychaetefromtheHuanghaiSea,twonewspeciesbelongingtoExoganeandSphaerosylliswerefoundanddescribedinthispaper.Thetwonewspeciesdifferfromtheotherspeciesinthetwogeneramainlybythedorsalcirri,chaetationanddistributionofpapillae.

简介：Inthepresentpaperitwillbeshownthat,bytakingthereferenceframemovingwiththevelocityoffluidattheinterlaceoftwosteadyparallelstreams,thelaminarboundarylayerflowinthetwofluidscanbedecoupledintotwoflows.Theseareexactlythesameasthelaminarboundarylayerflowsalongaflatplate.Andthat,byusingtheexistingexactsolutionofthelaminarboundarylayerequationfortheboundarylayerflowalongaflatplateandappropriateboundaryconditions.Anexactsolutionofthelaminarboundarylayerequationforthelaminarboundarylayerbetweentwoparallelstreamswithdifferentdensities,viscocitiesandvelocitiesisgivenelegantly.ForthecasesconsideredbyLock,theresultsobtainedbythepresentmethodarecomparedwithLock’snumericalcalculationsindetail.

简介：Pointabsorberwaveenergydevicewithmultipledegreesoffreedom(DOF)isassumedtohaveabetterabsorptionabilityofmechanicalenergyfromoceanwaves.Inthispaper,acoaxialsymmetricarticulatedpointabsorberwaveenergyconverterwithtwodegreesoffreedomispresented.Themechanicalequationsoftheoscillationbuoywithpowertake-offmechanism(PTO)inregularwavesareestablished.Thethree-dimensionalnumericalwavetankisbuiltinconsiderationofthebuoymotionbasedupontheCFDmethod.Theappropriatesimulationelementsareselectedforthebuoyandwaveparameters.ThefeasibilityoftheCFDmethodisverifiedthroughthecontrastbetweenthenumericalsimulationresultsoftypicalwaveconditionsandtestresults.Insuchcase,thebuoywithsingleDOFofheave,pitchandtheircouplingmotionconsideringfree(noPTOdamping)anddampedoscillationsinregularwavesaresimulatedbyusingtheverifiedCFDmethodrespectively.Thehydrodynamicandwaveenergyconversioncharacteristicswithtypicalwaveconditionsareanalyzed.Thenumericalresultsshowthattheheaveandpitchcanaffecteachotherinthebuoycouplingmotion,hydrodynamicloads,waveenergyabsorptionandflowfield.ThetotalcapturewidthratiowithtwocoupledDOFmotionishigherthanthatwithasingleDOFmotion.ThewaveenergyconversionofacertainDOFmotionmaybehigherthanthatofthesinglecertainDOFmotioneventhoughthewaveisattheresonanceperiod.Whenthewaveperiodsarehighenough,theinteractionbetweenthecoupledDOFmotionscanbeneglected.

简介：Thepenetrationdepthoftorpedoanchorintwo-layeredsoilbedwasexperimentallyinvestigated.Atotalof177experimentaldatawereobtainedinlaboratorybyvaryingtheundrainedshearstrengthofthetwo-layeredsoilandthethicknessofthetopsoillayer.Thegeometricparametersoftheanchorandthesoilproperties(theliquidlimit,plasticlimit,specificgravity,undrainedshearstrength,density,andwatercontent)weremeasured.Basedontheenergyanalysisandpresenttestdata,anempiricalformulatopredictthepenetrationdepthoftorpedoanchorintwo-layeredsoilbedwasproposed.Theproposedformulawasextensivelyvalidatedbylaboratoryandfielddataofpreviousresearchers.Theresultswereingoodagreementwiththoseobtainedfortwo-layeredandsingle-layeredsoilbed.Finally,asensitivityanalysisontheparametersintheformulawasperformed.

简介：性决心和性区别是在鱼的重要现象，但是在Takifugu的性决心的机制磨擦ripes糟糕被理解。在我们在T的学习，为DMRT(DMRT1，DMRT2和DMRT3)的基因的表示模式，sox9a和sox9b。rubripestissues与反向的抄写(RT)-PCR察觉被验证。它在睾丸被看那DMRT1expressions，卵巢低得多，并且没有表情在肌肉，血和尾巴鳍被发现。然而，为DMRT2和DMRT3的表情没在上面说的纸巾被发现。sox9a的抄本在肌肉，鳍，卵巢和睾丸，然而并非在血被检测，而sox9bexpression仅仅在卵巢被检测。在T.rubripes性腺的DMRT，sox9a和sox9b的表示模式建议这些基因不能是性特定的。

简介：A2×2factorialcrossbetweentwopopulationsofPacificabaloneHaliotisdiscushannaiIno,collectedseparatelyfromDalian(D)inChinaandMiyagi(M)inJapan,wasconductedtocompareperformancesinfertilizationrate,hatchingrate,metamorphosisrateandgrowthatdays20,43,160and330betweenpurebreds(DDandMM)andcrossbreds(DMandMD)andinvestigatethemagnitudeofheterobeltiosis(betterparent)andheterosis(mid-parent).HeterobeltiosisandheterosisforallthetraitsanalyzedwereevidentlydifferentbetweencrossbredsDMandMD.HeterobeltiosisinthecrossbredDMvariedamongtraits,withvaluesof2.5%forthefertilizationrate,2.2%forthehatchingrate,-1.9%forthemetamorphosisrateand7.4%forthegrowthattheday330.ThecrossbredDMdisplayedpositiveheteroticvaluesforfertilizationrate(5.4%),hatchingrate(7.4%),metamorphosisrate(7.6%)andgrowth(12.0%)attheday330.However,bothheterobeltiosisandheterosisforallthetraitsinthecrossbredMDwerenegativeexceptthoseforthegrowthatdays20and43.TheresultsindicatetheimportanceofselectingsuperiorhybridvarietiesiftheexploitationofhybridvigorisconsideredinthePacificabalonebreedingprogram.

简介：Cathodeactivityplaysanimportantroleintheimprovementofthemicrobialfuelcellsonoceanfloor(BMFCs).AcomparisonstudybetweenRayon-based(CF-R)andPAN-basedcarbonfiber(CF-P)cathodesisconductedinthepaper.Thetwocarbonfiberswereheattreatedtoimprovecellperformance(CF-R-H&CF-P-H),andwereusedtobuildanewBMFCsstructurewithafoamycarbonanode.Themaximumpowerdensitywas112.42mWm-forCF-R-H,followedby66.6mWm-2forCF-R,49.7mWm-2forCF-P-Hand21.6mWm-2forCF-Prespectively.ThehigherspecificareaanddeepgroovemakeCF-RhaveabetterpoweroutputthanwithCF-P.Meanwhile,heattreatmentofcarbonfibercanimprovecellpower,nearlytwo-foldhigherthanheattreatmentofplainfiber.Thisimprovementmaybeduetothequinonesgroupformationtoacceleratethereductionofoxygenandelectrontransferonthefibersurfaceinthethreephaseboundaryafterheattreatment.ComparedtoPAN-basedcarbonfiber,Rayon-basedcarbonfiberwouldbepreferentiallyselectedascathodeinnovelBMFCsdesignduetoitshighsurfacearea,lowcostandhigherpower.Thecomparisonresearchissignificantforcathodematerialselectionandcelldesign.

简介：two-time-level，三维的数字海洋发行量模型(命名MASNUM)与一个二水平的、单个步的Eulerian提交向后时差计划被建立。大规模海洋的运动的一个数学模型基于协调的地面追随者，Boussinesq，海洋动力学的平均Reynolds的原始方程。一个简单却很实际的Eulerian提交向后方法被采用为barotropic和baroclinic模式作为时差方法代替大多数比较喜欢的跳蛙游戏计划。提交向后方法具有精确性的秒顺序，由每时间步要求一仅仅功能评估计算地有效，并且没有在三水平的计划固有的计算模式。这个方法比跳蛙游戏计划优异因为稳定性的最大的时间步骤这样象在蹒跚的网孔的跳蛙游戏计划的一样两次大计算效率能被加倍。一个空间变光滑方法被介绍在数字集成控制非线性的不稳定性。模仿赤道的Rossbysoliton的繁殖的一个理想的数字实验被执行测试振幅和这个新模型的阶段错误。这个发行量模型的表演进一步被验证与一地区性(西北太平洋)并且一伪全球(有排除的北极海洋的全球海洋模拟)模拟实验。这二个数字实验与观察显示出相当好的同意。在这二个实验的稳定性的最大的时间步也在采用跳蛙游戏计划的这个模型和那个模型之间被调查并且比较。

简介：-Inthispaper,ananalyticalsolutionintheouterregionoffinitewaterdepthisderivedforthesecond-orderdiffractionpotential,whichgivesaclearphysicalmeaningofthewavetransmissionandreflectioncharacteristicsinthefarfield.Anumericalmethod-simpleGreen’sfunctiontechnique-forcalculatingthesecond-orderdiffractionpotentialintheinnerregionisalsodescribed.Numericalresultsareprovidedforthesecond-orderwaveforcesonasemi-submergedcylinder.Itisfoundthatthecontributionofsecond-orderdiffractionpotentialtosecond-orderwaveforcesisimportant.Theeffectofwaterdepthandsubmergeddepthonthewaveforceisalsodiscussed.

简介：

简介：Aciladivaricata(Hinds,1843)andA.mirabilis(AdamsandReeve,1850)arecommonbenthicbivalvesinChina.Anumberofresearchershaveproposedthatthelatterspeciesisajuniorsynonymoftheformerspecies.Becauseofmorphologicalsimilarities,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwospeciesbasedonvisualexaminationonly.Forbetterunderstandingoftheirtaxonomy,themitochondrialCOIgenefragmentsoffiveindividualsofA.divaricatafromtheEastChinaSeaandsixindividualsofA.mirabilisfromtheYellowSeaweresequencedinthisstudy.ThephylogeneticrelationshipsoftheobtainedCOIsequences,togetherwithnineteensequencesofthreespeciesofthegenusNucula,wereanalyzed.Thepairwiseintra-andinter-specificdistancesfortheCOIsequencesrangedfrom0.002to0.017andfrom0.128to0.134,respectively,andnooverlapwasfound.Phylogenetically,A.divaricataandA.mirabilisformdistinctcladesandclusterintoasistertoallotherNuculaspecies.TheresultsindicatedthatA.divaricataandA.mirabilisaretwodistinctspecies.Thedifferencesinthemorphologyanddistributionbetweenthetwospecieswerebrieflydiscussed.

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简介：Codfishisakindofabyssalfishspecieswithagreatvalueinfoodindustry.However,theflavorofcodfish,especiallytheunpleasantodor,hascausedseriousproblemsinitsprocessing.Toaccuratelyidentifythevolatilecompoundsincodfish,acombinationofsolidphasemicro-extraction(SPME)methodandsimultaneousdistillationextraction(SDE)methodwasusedtoextractthevolatiles.Gaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)alongwithKovatsindices(KI)andauthenticstandardcompoundswereusedtoidentifythevolatiles.Theresultsshowedthatatotalof86volatilecompoundswereidentifiedincodfish,ofthem24wereextractedbySDE,69compoundsbySPME,and10compoundsbybothSDEandSPME.Seventyvolatilecompoundswerefoundtohavespecificodors,ofthem7typicalcompoundscontributedsignificantlytotheflavorofcodfish.Alcohols(i.e.,(E)-2-penten-1-oland2-octanol),esters(i.e.,ethylbutyrateandmethylgeranate),aldehydes(i.e.,2-dodecenalandpentadecanal)contributedthemosttofreshflavorwhilenitrogencompounds,sulphurcompounds,furans,aswellassomeketones(i.e.,2-hydroxy-3-pentanone)broughtunpleasantodor,suchasfishyandearthyodor.ItwasindicatedthatthecombinationofmultipleextractionmethodsandGC-MSanalysiscanenhancetheaccuracyofidentification,andprovideareferenceforthefurtherstudyonflavorofaquaticproducts.