简介:The^Siand^1Hhigh-resolutionliquid-phaseNMRhasbeenusedtoinvestigatethehydrolysisprocessofthetetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS).^1H-NMRspectroscopyshowsthatthehydrolysisofTEOSinTPAisfasterthaninTEA.TheimpactsofTPAandTEAontheTOEShydrolysisprocessanditshydrolyzedproductdistributionhavebeenobservedby^29Si-NMRrespectively.Theinfluencesofwaterandtheisopropylalcoholonhydrolysishavealsobeendiseussed.ThepresenceofTBOTmarksanevidentdifferentiationbetweenTPAandTEAforhydrolysisin^29Si-NMRspectra.
简介:AninnovativeapproachtoH2Scapturehasbeendevelopedusingseveralmetal-basedionicliquids([Bmim]Cl·CuCl2,[Bmim]Cl·FeCl3,[Bmim]Cl·ZnCl2,[Bmim]Br·CuCl2,and[Bmim]Br·FeCl3)immobilizedonthesol-gelderivedsilica,whichissuperiortopurelyviscousionicliquidwithacruciallimitofhightemperature,lowmasstransferrate,andmassloss.TheadsorbentswerecharacterizedbytheFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer,transmissionelectronmicroscope,N2adsorption/desorption,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,andthermalanalysistechniques.TheeffectsofthemetalandhalogeninIL,theloadingamountofIL,andtheadsorptiontemperaturewerestudiedbydynamicadsorptionexperimentsatagasflowrateof100mL/min.TheH2Sadsorptionresultshaveshowedthattheoptimaladsorbentandadsorptiontemperatureare5%[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2/silicageland20-50℃,respectively.H2Scanbecapturedandoxidizedtoelementalsulfur,and[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2/silicagelcanbereadilyregeneratedbyair.TheexcellentefficiencyofH2Sremovalmaybeattributedtotheformationofnano-scaledandhigh-concentration[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2confinedinsilicagel,indicatingthattheimmobilizationof[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2onthesol-gelderivedsilicacanbeusedforH2Sremovalpromisingly.
简介:Nitrobenzene-containingindustrialwastewaterwasdegradedinthepresenceofozonecoupledwithH2O2byhighgravitytechnology.Theeffectofhighgravityfactor,H2O2concentration,pHvalue,liquidflow-rate,andreactiontimeontheefficiencyforremovalofnitrobenzenewasinvestigated.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthehighgravitytechnologyenhancestheozoneutilizationefficiencywithO3/H2O2showingsynergisticeffect.ThedegradationefficiencyintermsoftheCODremovalrateandnitrobenzeneremovalratereached45.8%and50.4%,respectively,underthefollowingreactionconditions,viz.:ahighgravityfactorof66.54,apHvalueof9,aH2O2/O3molarratioof1:1,aliquidflowrateof140L/h,anozoneconcentrationof40mg/L,aH2O2multipledosingmodeof6mL/h,andareactiontimeof4h.Comparedwiththeperformanceofconventionalstirredaerationmixers,thehighgravitytechnologycouldincreasetheCODandnitrobenzeneremovalraterelatedwiththenitrobenzene-containingwastewaterby22.9%and23.3%,respectively.
简介:TheesterificationoflauricacidwithmethanolcouldbeefficientlycatalyzedbyZrOCl2·8H2O,andthisreactionwasstudiedtodevelopagreenmethodforbiodieselproduction.Theinfluencingfactors,suchasamountofcatalyst,reactiontimeandmolarratioofacidtomethanol,wereinvestigated.TheresultsindicatedthattheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystshowedhighcatalyticactivity,andgavea97.0%methyllaurateconversionrateunderthefollowingoptimizedconditions,viz.:alauricacid/methanolmolarratioof1:10,acatalystdosageof4%,andareactiondurationof2hatmethanolrefluxingtemperature.Thecatalystcouldbeeasilyrecoveredwhileitsactivitycouldbewellretainedafterthreecycles.TheZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalystalsoexhibitedexcellentcatalyticactivityfortheesterificationofdifferentfreelong-chainfattyacids(includingnonedibleoilswithhighacidvalue)withdifferentshortcarbonchainalcohols.Therefore,theZrOCl2·8H2Ocatalysthasgoodpotentialforthesynthesisofbiodieselfromlow-costfeedstockssuchaswastevegetableoilsandnon-edibleoils.