简介：为探讨邻苯二甲酸二G一乙基己谓自（DF_HP）和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯（MEHP）长期暴露对海水生物的内分泌干扰效应及机制，将孵化后1周的海洋青鳉（Oryziaymelastigma）分别暴露于DEHP（0．1mg·L-1和05mg·L-1）和MZrW（0．1mg·L-1和05mg·L-1）6个月。结果显示：DEHP显著增加了雌性和雄性海洋青鳉的肝指数，而MEHP只在高剂量时显著增加雄性青锵的肝指数。对于雌性青鳉，DE-HP暴露后肝脏雌激素相关基因ERα、ERβ、ERγ、VTG1、VTG2、ChgH和ChgL的表达水平显著上调，而对于雄性青鳉，DEHP暴露后，只有肝脏ERB的表达水平显著上调。相比之下，MEHP暴露对雌性和雄性青锵肝VTG和Chg基因表达无显著影响。DEHP激活了雌性和雄性青鳉的肝过氧化物增殖激活受体PPARα和PPARγ，而MEHP只在低剂量时上调了雄性青鳉PPARl的表达。在雌性和雄性青鳉体内，VTG和Chg的表达与ERα和ERγ的表达显著相关，并且ER与PPAR也显著相关。研究表明，DEHP长期暴露可通过激活肝性激素受体调控肝雌激素响应基因（VrG和chg）和过氧化物增殖激活受体（PPARα和PPARγ）的表达而对海洋青锵产生内分泌干扰效应，并且显示出性别特异性。MEHP对海洋青鳉的内分泌干扰效应弱于DEHP。

简介：世界上有许多人迹罕至但景色壮美的地方，被远道而来的人们称为“世界的尽头”，化于美国密歇根州北部的基威诺半岛（KeweenawPeninsula）就是其中之一。基威诺半岛是世界最大淡水湖苏必利尔湖西南部的一个半岛，它全长约170英里，平均宽度只有20多英里，像一把深深嵌进苏必利尔湖的楔子。这座浸泡在“淡水地中海”里的狭长半岛上密林遍布，溪涧流淌，拥有很纯的自然景色。

简介：为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末（0、100、200、400μg·mL^-1）对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率（TailDNA%）和尾矩（TailMoment）均显著增加（p〈0.01）;同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组（p〈0.01）.以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2.

简介：三唑酮是目前应用最广泛的三唑类广谱杀菌剂之一,在我国的使用量有逐年增长的趋势。本研究综述了三唑酮在水环境中的环境行为、毒性效应及其对我国部分水体的生态风险。三唑酮使用后被土壤吸附和解吸,经雨水淋溶作用进入地表或地下水环境,在丰水期检出率与检出浓度较高,目前我国地表水中三唑酮最高检出浓度为12μg·L-1。三唑酮在环境中的半衰期为15~43.3d,能够在水生生物体内累积代谢,在不同浓度下对不同类群、不同生命阶段的水生生物表现出不同的毒性效应,对应着多条有害结局路径,其中最重要的是通过抑制细胞色素P450酶活性干扰机体内激素水平,影响水生生物繁殖和生长发育,导致种群密度降低。在目前已知的暴露水平下,三唑酮对我国地表水具有潜在的生态风险,特别是丰水期稻田附近的地表水风险尤其需要关注。

简介：Globalclimatechangeisoneofthemajorenvironmentalissuesfacedbyhumans.Existingevidenceindicatesthattheanthropogenicpushforariseintheatmosphericconcentrationofgreenhousegases（GHGs）（particularlyCO2）hasbeenaprimarycauseforglobalwarming.Asidefromeconomicandteclinologicalfactors,demographicdynamics（includinghumanconsumptioninabroaddemographicsense）hasbeenamajordriverforCO2emissions.Inthispaper,weperformedbothnonlinearregressionanalysis（basedontheSTIRPATmodel）andgraycorrelationdegreeanalysis（basedongraysystemtheory）ontheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions.OurresultsrevealthatCO2emissionsarepositivelycorrelatedwithpopulationsizeandGDPpercapitaandnegativelycorrelatedwithenergyintensity.WealsoshowthatgraycorrelationdegreewithCO2emissionsforfivevariables（i.e.,householdconsumption,urbanizationrate,householdsize,populationagingrate,populationsize）variessubstantially:householdconsumption>urbanizationrate>householdsize>populationagingrate>populationsize,withhouseholdconsumptionbeingthehighest,andpopulationsizethelowest.TomitigatetheimpactofdemographicdynamicsonCO2emissions,itisofvitalsignificancetonurturepeople’sawarenessofsustainableconsumptionandtoadheretocurrentpopulationcontrolpolicies.

简介：HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.

简介：为探究并比较淡水鱼种日本青鳉早期发育阶段对Cu2＋和Cd2＋等重金属胁迫的响应,在实验室通过半静态方式,对日本青鳉受精卵和仔稚鱼分别进行了48h和96h急性毒性实验。结果表明：Cu2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为8.164mg·L（-1）和6.965mg·L（-1）;Cd2＋对日本青鳉胚胎24、48h-LC_（50）分别为63.084mg·L（-1）和53.093mg·L（-1）;较低浓度组Cu（2＋）（≤1.97mg·L（-1））时日本青鳉胚胎的发育速率快于对照组,而较高浓度组（≥3.87mg·L（-1））胚胎的发育速率则慢于对照组;与Cu（2＋）略有不同,无论浓度高低Cd（2＋）对胚胎的孵化速率均产生抑制作用;Cu（2＋）和Cd（2＋）质量浓度分别高于1.97mg·L（-1）和19.68mg·L（-1）时,两种重金属离子均显著降低胚胎的孵化率（P〈0.05）。Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.361mg·L（-1）、2.844mg·L（-1）、2.020mg·L（-1）和1.352mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉初孵仔鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为15.907mg·L（-1）、10.550mg·L（-1）、7.986mg·L（-1）和6.346mg·L（-1）;Cu（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为5.732mg·L（-1）、4.037mg·L（-1）、2.498mg·L（-1）和1.955mg·L（-1）;Cd（2＋）对日本青鳉稚鱼的24、48、72和96h-LC_（50）分别为16.419mg·L（-1）、11.745mg·L（-1）、8.516mg·L（-1）和6.776mg·L（-1）。与其它淡水水生生物相比,日本青鳉仔稚鱼对铜和镉离子较为敏感。

简介：AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.

简介：EstablishingpositiveandurgenttargetsforCO2reductionandemissionpeak,andpromotingenergyconservationandenergystructureadjustmentareamongthestrategiestoaddressglobalclimatechangeandCO2emissionsreduction.Theyarealsomeanstobreakthroughtheconstraintsofdomesticresourcesandenvironment,andinternalneeds,toachievesustainabledevelopment.Generallyspeaking,acountry’sCO2emissionpeakappearsafterachievingurbanizationandindustrialization.Bythen,connotativeeconomicgrowthwillappear,GDPwillgrowslowly,energyconsumptionelasticitywilldecrease,andenergyconsumptiongrowthwillslowdown-dependentmainlyonnewandrenewableenergies.Fossilfuelconsumptionwillnotincreasefurther.WhenCO2emissionreachesitspeak,theannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofGDPisgreaterthanGDPannualgrowthrate;andtheannualreductionrateofCO2intensityofenergyuseisgreaterthantheannualgrowthrateofenergyconsumption.Therefore,threeimportantapproachestopromotionofCO2emissionpeakcanbeconcluded:maintainingreasonablecontrolofGDPgrowth,strengtheningenergyconservationtosignificantlyreducetheGDPenergyintensity,andoptimizingtheenergymixtoreducetheCO2intensityofenergyuse.Byaround2030,Chinawillbasicallyhavecompleteditsrapiddevelopmentphaseofindustrializationandurbanization.ConnotativeeconomicgrowthwillappearwiththeaccelerationofindustrialstructureadjustmentThetargetofGDPenergyintensitywillstillbetomaintainanaverageannualreductionof3%orhigher.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelswillreach20-25%,andtheaimwillbetomaintainanaverageannualgrowthrateof6-8%.Thetotalannualenergydemandgrowthof1.5%willbesatisfiedbythenewlyincreasedsupplyofnon-fossilfuels.TheannualdeclineinCO2intensityofGDPwillreach4.5%orhigher,whichiscompatiblewithanaverageannualGDPgrowth

简介：Inthispaper,weconstructamodelinwhichtheimpactofpollutiononhealthisexertedthroughbothdirectandindirectchannels.Theindirectchanneliscapturedbyaproductionfunc-tioninwhichtheprincipalhealth-improvingfactor,incomegrowth,canberealizedonlyinthecostofpollutionincrease.Thismodelisthentestedbytheaggregatedchroniclediseasedatainover78Chinesecounties.Ourresultsshow,afterattainingthethresholdof8μg/m2,continuousincreaseinindustrialSO2emissiondensitywillleadtheratioofpopulationsufferingchroniclediseases,amongwhichrespiratorydiseasesoccupyasignificantproportion,torise.However,owingtotechnologicalprogressinpollutioncontrolactivities,theneededSO2emissiontoproduceoneunitofGDPdiminisheswithtime.Therefore,thenegativeeffectfrompollutionaugmentationonpublichealthseemstoberecompensedmoreandmorebythepositiveeffectofeconomicgrowth.

简介：ThispaperproposestouseDEAmodelswithundesirableoutputstoconstructtheMalmquistindexthatcanbeusetoinvestigatethedynamicchangesofCO2emissionperformance.Withtheindex,theauthorshavemeasuredtheCO2emissionperformanceof28provincesandautonomousregionsinChinafrom1996to2007;withtheconvergencetheoryandpaneldataregressionmodel,theauthorsanalyzetheregionaldifferencesandtheinfluencingfactors.ItisfoundthattheperformanceofCO2emissionsinChinahasbeencontinuouslyimprovedmainlyduetothetechnologicalprogress,andtheaverageimprovementrateis3.25%,withacumulativeimprovementrateof40.86%.Inaddition,theCO2emissionperformancevariesacrossfourregions.Asawhole,theperformancescoreofeasternChinaisthehighest.ThenortheasternandcentralChinahasrelativelylowerperformancescores,andthewesternChinaisrelativelybackward.Theregionaldifferencesaredecreasing,andtheperformanceofCO2emissionsisconvergent.TheinfluenceofsomefactorsontheperformanceofCO2emissionsissignificant,suchasthelevelofeconomicdevelopment,thelevelofindustrialstructure,energyintensity,andownershipstructure.Theinfluenceofsomefactors,suchasopening-uptotheoutsideworld,ontheperformanceofCO2emissionsisnotsignificant..

简介：WhenaccountingtheCO2emissionsresponsibilityoftheelectricitysectorattheprovinciallevelinChina,itisofgreatsignificancetoconsiderthescopeofbothproducers’andtheconsumers’responsibility,sincethiswillpromotefairnessindefiningemissionresponsibilityandenhancecooperationinemissionreductionamongprovinces.Thispaperproposesanewmethodforcalculatingcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelbasedonthesharedresponsibilityprincipleandtakingintoaccountinterregionalpowerexchange.Thismethodcannotonlybeusedtoaccounttheemissionresponsibilitysharedbyboththeelectricityproductionsideandtheconsumptionside,butitisalsoapplicableforcalculatingthecorrespondingemissionresponsibilityundertakenbythoseprovinceswithnetelectricityoutflowandinflow.ThismethodhasbeenusedtoaccountforthecarbonemissionsresponsibilitiesofthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelinChinasince2011.Theempiricalresultsindicatethatcomparedwiththeproduction-basedaccountingmethod,thecarbonemissionsofmajorpower-generationprovincesinChinacalculatedbythesharedresponsibilityaccountingmethodarereducedbyatleast10%,butthoseofotherpower-consumptionprovincesareincreasedby20%ormore.Secondly,basedontheprincipleofsharedresponsibilityaccounting,InnerMongoliahasthehighestcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorwhileHainanhasthelowest.Thirdly,fourprovinces,includingInnerMongolia,Shanxi,HubeiandAnhui,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflow-14milliontin2011,accountingfor74.42%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflowinChina.Sixprovinces,includingHebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,andJiangsu,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflow-11milliontin2011,accountingfor71.44%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflowinChina.Lastly,thispaperhasestimatedtheemissionfactorsofelectricity

简介：Thispaperquantifiesadecompositionanalysisofenergy-relatedCO2emissionsintheindustrialsectorsofShanghaiovertheperiod1994-2007.TheLog-MeanDivisiaIndex(LMDI)methodisappliedtothisstudyintermsofsixfactors:laborforce,labormobility,grosslaborproductivity,energyintensity,fuelmix,andemissioncoefficient.Inaddition,thedecouplingeffectbetweenindustrialeconomicgrowthandCO2emissionsisanalyzedtoevaluateCO2mitigationstrategiesforShanghai.TheresultsshowthatalllaborproductivityhasthelargestpositiveeffectonCO2emissionchangesintheindustrialsectors,whereaslabormobilityandenergyintensityarethemaincomponentsfordecreasingCO2emissions.OtherfactorshavedifferenteffectsonCO2mitigationindifferentsub-periods.AlthougharelativedecouplingofindustrialCO2emissionsfromtheeconomicgrowthinShanghaihasbeenfound,ShanghaishouldkeeppacewiththeindustrialCO2emissionsreductionbyimplementinglow-carbontechnology.Theseresultshaveimportantpolicyimplications:PlanCisthereasonablechoiceforShanghai.

简介：为研究水生生物对水体中重金属和有机磷农药毒性的响应,研究了锯齿新米虾暴露在Cu2＋、毒死蜱单一溶液和毒性1：1混合溶液下的响应状况,同时采用相加指数法对混合毒性进行了评价。单一毒性试验结果表明：毒死蜱对锯齿新米虾的毒性显著高于Cu（2＋）（p〈0.01）;Cu（2＋）对锯齿新米虾未觉察反应浓度（NOEC）和最低觉察反应浓度（LOEC）分别为1.78mg·L（-1）、2.40mg·L（-1）,24、48、72和96h的LC_（50）分别为6.41、4.75、4.20和3.44mg·L（-1）;毒死蜱对锯齿新米虾NOEC和LOEC分别为0.04μg·L（-1）、0.07μg·L（-1）,24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为035、0.17、0.11和0.06μg·L（-1）;参考鱼类毒性分级标准,Cu（2＋）对锯齿新米虾为高毒,而毒死蜱为剧毒。混合毒性试验结果表明：采用Cu（2＋）和毒死蜱毒性1：1进行试验时,暴露时间为24、48、72和96h的相加指数（AI）分别为0.02、0.45、1.86和223,即混合毒性为协同作用。通过研究锯齿新米虾对Cu（2＋）、毒死蜱单一和联合毒性的响应,可为水环境污染与防治、物种多样性保护提供科学依据。

简介：为了探讨纳米与微米尺度SiO2对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性作用,选择不同剂量的纳米SiO2（20～40nm）与微米SiO2（1～10μm）采用气管滴注方式对雄性Wistar大鼠分组染毒.于染毒5周后处死大鼠,检查附睾精子形态,并检测睾丸组织和血清中睾丸功能标志酶活性变化以及性激素含量的变化.结果表明：1）高、低剂量的纳米和微米SiO2染毒均可使大鼠发生程度不同的精子数量减少、精子活动率降低、精子畸形率升高;2）纳米SiO2染毒可使大鼠睾丸组织SDH、LDH和血清中ACP活性显著降低,而微米SiO2染毒对这些指标的影响不显著;3）纳米SiO2和高剂量微米SiO2染毒可使大鼠血清T和睾丸匀浆T浓度显著降低,而对血清LH没有显著影响;4）与微米SiO2相比,纳米SiO2对大鼠生殖功能的损伤有更严重的趋势,但相同剂量下,纳米SiO2和微米SiO2相比,各指标均无显著性差异.以上结果表明,微米和纳米尺度SiO2染毒均可使大鼠生殖功能产生损伤,使部分生殖功能指标发生显著变化;与微米SiO2相比,纳米SiO2对大鼠生殖功能的损伤有更严重的趋势.

简介：焦化废水中含有大量毒性物质，具有较强的生物毒性。本文以实验室构建的A2／O焦化废水处理系统为研究对象，考察废水处理过程化学成分和急性毒性的变化。采用紫外扫描和三维荧光光谱分析考察了处理系统各阶段出水的物质组分，并采用固相萃取和超滤膜分离等手段对水样各组分的发光细菌急性毒性进行研究。结果表明，伴随着芳香族物质等毒物的去除，焦化废水的急性生物毒性在该处理系统中被逐步削减，最终出水的毒性当量仅为原水的28％；不同组分的生物毒性测试结果显示，废水水样的强极性和中等极性有机组分贡献了绝大部分的毒性当量，而这些物质主要在缺氧段及好氧段被削减；结合三维荧光光谱的分析结果，可推断焦化废水中一类很难在A2／O处理系统中被完全去除的芳香族蛋白质类似物（Ⅱ区）很可能具有较强的生物毒性，是构成出水毒性的主要物质。

简介：随着环境重金属污染的加剧和营养学的发展,人们越来越重视对重金属元素及营养金属元素肠道吸收过程的探讨及其生物有效性影响因素的研究.Caco-2细胞模型能有效的模拟人体小肠上皮细胞的转运与吸收过程,可结合基因技术、分子技术等手段用于研究人体肠道吸收物质的机制和影响因素.首先,总结了近年来利用Caco-2模型对镉、铬、铅、砷等多种重金属及铜、铁、锌、钙等多种营养金属在小肠内的吸收、转运方式、代谢机制及影响吸收、转运过程的各类条件等的研究工作,然后对Caco-2细胞模型研究方法及其在未来评估金属人体生物有效性的应用进行了展望.

简介：二氧化硫（SO2）是大气中最常见的污染物之一.SO2的大量排放使城市空气污染不断加重,对环境和人类健康造成了极大的危害.大量的流行病学研究表明SO2不仅可以引起呼吸系统疾病,而且对心血管系统,甚至生殖系统都会产生影响;毒理学研究也表明SO2对人和动物多种组织器官均有毒性作用,有些毒作用甚至比肺组织的改变还要严重,SO2是一种全身性毒物.而通过产生各种自由基引起器官组织发生氧化损伤作用可能是SO2毒作用的一种主要机制.

简介：采用电子顺磁共振法研究懒树抗氧化剂对香烟烟气自由基含量的影响，并比较了不同自由基含量的香烟烟气冷凝物（CSC）对人淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体的损伤情况．在香烟滤嘴中注入50μL0．2％的移依树抗氧化剂溶液后，香烟烟气中气相、粒相自由基含量分别降低40．2％和28．3％，平均降低39．6％；中高剂量的实验烟（添加移依树），与对照烟（不加栘依树）相比，人淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换率显著降低（t〉t0.05），其中中剂量烟降低幅度更大；低剂量实验烟与对照烟相比，姐妹染色单体交换率也有降低趋势，但差异不显著（t〈t0.05）．以上结果表明，移依树可明显降低香烟中自由基水平，进而降低香烟对人体的危害性．

简介：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是最为常见的粮食真菌毒素,易共存于谷物产品和动物饲料中,而目前对其联合毒性的研究较少,且研究结果并不完全一致。为探究DON、AFB1和ZEN的联合毒性作用,本论文以秀丽隐杆线虫（C.elegans）为模型,分别评估了毒素混合物AFB1＋DON、AFB1＋ZEN、DON＋ZEN和AFB1＋DON＋ZEN对C.elegans的生长发育（体长）和生殖能力（产卵量）的毒性作用,并用Chou-Talalay模型来判定毒素混合物的相互作用类型。研究表明,AFB1、DON和ZEN单独染毒C.elegans时,其毒作用强弱为AFB1〉ZEN〉DON。联合染毒时,AFB1＋DON对C.elegans产生协同作用,而DON＋ZEN则产生拮抗作用;AFB1＋ZEN对体长（24h）和产卵量的毒作用随着暴露浓度的增加,由弱拮抗变为协同作用,而在毒素暴露48h后,对线虫的生长发育呈协同作用;AFB1＋DON＋ZEN除在EC50-24h和EC75-24h时对体长产生明显的毒性增强作用外,其他普遍表现出拮抗作用。由此表明,DON、AFB1和ZEN对C.elegans的联合毒性作用与剂量和时间相关。