简介:Inthispaper,theauthorspointoutanddemonstratethedifferenceoftheconceptsconcerningco-satisfiableandco-validbetweenonefirst-orderlanguageandtwofirst-orderlanguages,andputforwardtheconceptsaboutuniformco-identicaltruthanduniformco-satisfiability.Thussometheoremsinthebook“ACourseinMathematicalLogic”,writtenbyJ.L.BellandM.Machover,arecorrected.
简介:Transitionmetal-dopingcouldeffectivelyextendthelightresponserangeofTiO2photocatalystsfromtheultraviolet(UV)tothevisibleregion.Co-dopedbrookitetitaniumdioxide(Co–TiO2)photocatalystsweresynthesizedviathehydrothermalmethodwithtitaniumtetrachlorideastherawmaterialandcobaltchloridehexahydrateasthedopant.ThepreparedCo–TiO2photocatalystswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),Ramanspectroscopy,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)andUV–Visdiffusereflectancespectroscopy(UV–VisDRS).ThephotocatalyticactivitiesofCo–TiO2photocatalystswereevaluatedbyphotocatalyticdegradationofisopropanolalcohol(IPA),atypicalvolatileorganiccompound(VOC),undervisiblelight.TheinfluencesofdifferentCodopingrates,initialconcentrationsofIPAgasandtheamountsofphotocatalystadditionwerealsostudied.Atthesametime,theenhancementmechanismofcobaltionsasatrapforphotogeneratedholeswasdiscussed.Thus,wefoundtheoptimumdopingrate,initialconcentrationofIPAgasandamountofphotocatalysttoadd.TheresultsshowthatthemesoporousCo–TiO2photocatalystspossesssmallersizeparticles,largerspecificsurfacearea,lowerforbiddenbandgapenergy(Eg)andbetterphotocatalyticactivitythanpurebrookiteTiO2.WhenthedopingofCowas7%bymass,theinitialconcentrationofIPAgaswas1.0×10?6mol/LandtheadditionofCo–TiO2photocatalystswas50mg,thebestphotocatalyticactivitywasachieved.Furthermore,thedegradationrateofIPAwasupto91%,whichshowsgreatpotentialforwastewatertreatment.
简介:Pd/C向polyketones(PK)的形成催化的公司和苯乙烯的copolymerization在N-valeronitrile-N-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate被学习([C4CNmim]+PF6)中等。综合PK被Fourier变换描绘红外线(FTIR),元素的分析,13C-nuclear磁性的回声(13C-NMR),微分扫描热量测定(DSC),thermogravimetric分析(TGA)和胶化浸透层析(GPC)。Pd/C催化剂的表面上的支持的离子的液体电影能阻止产品用金属离子由于它的化学稳定性和弱协作能力盖住活跃的碳的洞,并且高效地因此改进催化活动。在催化剂的催化活动和PK的分子的重量的离子的液体的不同数量的效果被讨论。离子的液体的用法什么时候是10wt%(0.1g离子的液体/1g活跃的碳搬运人)并且Pd2+的理论内容是5wt%(0.05gPd2+/1g活跃的碳搬运人),最高催化的活动2963.64gSTCO/(gPd訐?訐??
简介:Takingpublictransitfacilities(PTFs)isthemajortransportstyleinHongKong.Humanexposuretoindoorairpollutantsmaycauseadversehealtheffectstothepassengers.Exposureassessmentonairpollutantsisimportantforthecontrolofhumandiseasescausedbyindoorairpollution.Inthispaper,theindoorPM10,COandCO2levelsinvariousPTFs,suchaspublicbus,subway,railwayandferryinHongKong,weremea-sured.CombiningwiththetimebudgetsurveyofHongKongpopulation,thehumanexposureswerecalculatedthroughMonte-Carlosimulation.
简介:ActiveFe-andMn-loadedMCM-41(Fe–Mn/MCM-41),whichwassynthesizedviaahydrothermalreactionfollowedbyimpregnation,isusedintheheterogeneousFentonreactiontodegrademethylorange(MO)inaqueoussolution.ThesynthesizedsampleswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction,scanningelectronmicroscopy,transmissionelectronmicroscopy,N2adsorption–desorptionisothermanalysis,Fouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy,andX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy.ComparedwithFe/MCM-41andMn/MCM-41,Fe–Mn/MCM-41showedhigheractivityforMOdegradationandmineralization.Effectsofvariousoperatingparameters,suchaspH,Mncontent,andH2O2dosage,onthedegradationprocessweresubsequentlyinvestigated.ResultsofexperimentsontheeffectofradicalscavengersrevealedthatthedegradationofMOcouldbeattributedtooxidationbyHO·.ThesynergyofFeandMnspeciesintheFentonoxidationprocesswasalsoexplained.
简介:Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)orhydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)areasmainrefrigerantsusedintraditionalrefrigerationsystemsdrivenbyelectricityfromburningfossilfuels,whichisregardedasoneofthemajorreasonsforozonedepletion(man-maderefrigerantsemission)andglobalwarming(CO2emission).Sopeoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontonaturalrefrigerantsandenergysavingtechnologies.AninnovativesystemcombiningCO2transcriticalcyclewithejectorcycleisproposedinthispaper.TheCO2compressionsub-cycleispoweredbyelectricitywiththecharacteristicsofrelativelyhightemperatureinthegascooler(definedasanintercoolerbytheproposedsystem).Inordertorecoverthewasteheat,anejectorsub-cycleoperatingwiththenaturalrefrigerants(NH3,H2O)isemployed.Thetwosub-cyclesareconnectedbyanintercooler.Thiscombinedcyclejoinstheadvantagesofthetwocyclestogetherandeliminatesthedisadvantages.TheinfluencesoftheevaporationtemperatureinCO2compressionsub-cycle,theevaporationtemperatureintheejectorsub-cycle,thetemperatureintheintercoolerandthecondensationtemperatureintheproposedsystemperformancearediscussedtheoreticallyinthisstudy.Inaddition,someuniquefeaturesofthesystemarepresented.
简介:以硝酸镍为金属离子源、对苯二甲酸为配体,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂。采用溶剂热法合成了金属-有机骨架Ni-MOF,采用X射线粉末衍射、N2吸附/脱附、扫描电镜、红外光谱和热重分析等方法对样品进行表征,考察了反应时间对样品结构及吸附性能的影响,测试了样品的c0,的吸附性能。结果表明,150℃反应4h后得到Ni-MOF球形晶体,延长反应时间对Ni-MOF的结构及性能没有明显影响。样品的BET面积为1200~1221m2/g,平均孔径为1.95nm,在常压27℃时,对CO2的吸附量为17.9%,经10次吸附/脱附循环实验后,吸附量稳定在16.5%~17.9%,是一个良好的吸附材料。
简介:以便执行decolorization,污泥蛋白质答案,黑暗棕色的结束到从激活的污泥的黑答案,面对氢受到60Co光线照耀过氧化物。UV/Visspectrophotometric方法被用来在着色法上调查H2O2的效果在光线照耀下面的污泥蛋白质答案的明显的动力学和率常数。另外,照耀剂量,起始的污泥蛋白质答案集中,和pH的效果在污泥蛋白质答案的decolorization效率上珍视被学习。结果证明污泥蛋白质答案的明显的动力学是的decolorization一阶的反应。答案decolorization百分比随照耀剂量的增加或起始的污泥蛋白质答案集中的减少增加了。pH价值的考试结果证明污泥蛋白质解决方案能更高效地比在酸媒介在碱的媒介被将脱色。而且,感觉评估和foamability分析显示在H2O2氧化下面的照耀的样品显示出更好感觉的分数和foamability。