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简介:Theeffectofbismuth(Bi)forbothVO2+/VO2+andV3+/V2+redoxcouplesinvanadiumflowbatteries(VFBs)hasbeeninvestigatedbydirectlyintroducingBionthesurfaceofcarbonfelt(CF).TheresultsshowthatBihasnocatalyticeffectforVO2+/VO2+redoxcouple.Duringthefirstchargeprocess,BiisoxidizedtoBi3+(neverreturnbacktoBimetalinthesubsequentcycles)duetothelowstandardredoxpotentialof0.308V(vs.SHE)forBi3+/BiredoxcouplecomparedwithVO2+/VO2+redoxcoupleandBi3+exhibitno(orneglectable)electro-catalyticactivity.Additionally,therelationshipbetweenBiloadingandelectrochemicalactivityforV3+/V2+redoxcouplewasstudiedindetail.2wt%Bi-modifiedcarbonfelt(2%-BiCF)exhibitsthehighestelectrochemicalactivity.Usingitasnegativeelectrode,ahighenergyefficiency(EE)of79.0%canbeachievedatahighcurrentdensityof160mA/cm2,whichis5.5%higherthanthepristineone.Moreover,theelectrolyteutilizationratioisalsoincreasedbymorethan30%.Eventhecelloperatedat140mA/cm2forover300cycles,theEEcanreach80.9%withoutobviousfluctuationandattenuation,suggestingexcellentcatalyticactivityandelectrochemicalstabilityinVFBs.
简介:Duetolowactivationcharacteristics,desirablehigh-temperaturestrength,goodresistancetoradiationdamageandusablefabricationproperties,vanadium(V)alloysareattractivecandidatestructuralmaterialsforfusionreactors[1].Irradiationinducedhardening/embrittlementatlowtemperatureisamajorproblemforthematerialsapplicationinfusionreactor[2].Inthisstudy,H/Heionswithvariousenergieswereusedtoirradiateapurevanadium(V)andaValloy(V-4Ti)toobtainadamageplateaufromsamplesurfacetothedepthof1.5m,asshowninFig.1[3].Thedetailsofirradiationparameters(energies,fluences)forHandHeionsareshowninTable1.NanoindentationwasperformedtoinvestigatethehardeningbehaviorofV-4TialloyandpureVunderirradiation.
简介:AnewgeneralizedJacobiellipticfunctionmethodisusedtoconstructtheexacttravellingwavesolutionsofnonlinearpartialdifferentialequations(PDEs)inaunifiedway.Themainideaofthismethodistotakefulladvantageoftheellipticequationwhichhasmorenewsolutions.Morenewdoublyperiodicandmultiplesolitonsolutionsareobtainedforthegeneralized(3+1)-dimensionalKronig-Penny(KP)equationwithvariablecoefficients.Thismethodcanbeappliedtootherequationswithvariablecoefficients.
简介:IncorporationofstrontiumintoV-Moalumina-supportedcatalystenhanceditsperformance(increasedconversionandselectivity,decreasedreducibilityandimprovedstability)inpropaneoxydehydrogenationtopropylene.12.5%SrloadingwasshowntobetheoptimumcontenttotheV-Mocatalyst.Theresultsweresupportedbyvariouscharacterizationtechniques,namely,BET,XRD,SEM,FTIRandTPD.
简介:WeconstructaclassofintegrablegeneralizationofTodamechanicswithlong-rangeinteractions.ThesesystemsareassociatedwiththeloopalgebrasL(Cr)andL(Dr)inthesensethattheirLaxmatricescanberealizedintermsofthec=0representationsoftheaffineLiealgebrasCr(1)andDr(1)andtheinteractionspatterninvolvedbearsthetypicalcharactersofthecorrespondingrootsystems.WepresenttheequationsofmotionandtheHamiltonianstructure.Thesegeneralizedsystemscanbeidentifiedunambiguouslybyspecifyingtheunderlyingloopalgebratogetherwithanorderedpairofintegers(n,m).Itturnsoutthatdifferentsystemsassociatedwiththesameunderlyingloopalgebrabutwithdifferentpairsofintegers(n1,m1)and(n2,m2)withn2<n1andm2<m1canberelatedbyanestedHamiltonianreductionprocedure.Forallnontrivialgeneralizations,theextracoordinatesbesidesthestandardTodavariablesarePoissonnon-commute,andwheneithernorm≥3,thePoissonstructurefortheextracoordinatevariablesbecomessomeLiealgebra(i.e.theextravariablesappearlinearlyontheright-handsideofthePoissonbrackets).Inthequantumcase,suchgeneralizationswillbecomesystemswithnoncommutativevariableswithoutspoilingtheintegrability.
简介:TH141.996031921液晶显示的发展概况=Developmentofliquidcrystaldisplay[刊,中]/张云熙(中国北方光电工业总公司)//现代显示.-1995,(3).-26-28简介液晶的发展历史,日本液晶显示器的市场规模及液晶显示器的应用。表1参3(李瑞琴)TN14196031922多波形显示技术及其扩展=Multi-waveformscopetechnologyanditsexpand[刊,中]/应如艳(中国计量学院.浙江,杭州(310034))//中国计量学院学报.-1995,(1).-89-91提出了在通用示波器上同时显示多路数字信号