简介：Nigellasativa悬崖的种子。(Ranunculaceae)，通常已知的同样黑的枯茗，主要被用作排除胃肠气体，镇痉药，和兴奋剂。现在的学习的主要目的是评估N的效果。越过内脏墙的共同灌输的amoxicillin的浸透上的sativa种子摘录。N的methanolic摘录。sativa以一种剂量依赖者方式在in-vitro实验改进了amoxicillin的肠的渗透。二新glycosides，decanylnigelloic酸diglucoside[n-decanyl-3-aldehydic-4-methoxy-5-hydroxybenzoate-5--D-glucofuranosyl(21)--D-glucopyranosyl-(21)--D-glucopyranoside]]并且nigelabdienoyltriglucoside[homo-labd-5，9(11)-dien-16-onyl--D-glucopyranosyl(21)--D-glucopyranosyl(21)--D-glucopyranoside]与七已知的丰满的酸glycerides/esters一起，从提高摘录的内脏浸透被孤立。这些新glycosides的结构被详细分光镜的分析阐明。

简介：Panaxnotoginsengsaponins(PNS)arethemajorcomponentsofPanaxnotoginseng,withmultiplepharmacologicalactivitiesbutpoororalbioavailability.PNScouldbemetabolizedbygutmicrobiotainvitro,whiletheexactroleofgutmicrobiotaofPNSmetabolisminvivoremainspoorlyunderstood.Inthisstudy,pseudogerm-freeratmodelswereconstructedbyusingbroad-spectrumantibioticstovalidatethegutmicrobiota-mediatedtransformationofPNSinvivo.Moreover,ahighperformanceliquidchromatography-electrosprayionizationtandemmassspectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)wasdevelopedforquantitativeanalysisoffourmetabolitesofPNS,includingginsenosideF1(GF1),ginsenosideRh2(GRh2),ginsenosidecompoundK(GCK)andprotopanaxatriol(PPT).Theresultsshowedthatthefourmetabolitescouldbedetectedinthecontrolratplasma,whiletheycouldnotbedeterminedinpseudogerm-freeratplasma.TheresultsimpliedthatPNScouldnotbebiotransformedeffectivelywhengutmicrobiotawasdisrupted.Inconclusion,gutmicrobiotaplaysanimportantroleinbiotransformationofPNSintometabolitesinvivo.