简介:摘要目的为了探讨基层医院院内感染监测中与微生物检验实验室的相互配合问题。方法在院内各临床科室中都配备1名专业感染控制人员,每月定期进行采样监测,同时在微生物检验实验室中展开细菌监测工作,找到菌落超标原因,为院内感染监控提供可靠数据。根据各科室实际情况对医护人员手、空气、物品、消毒液、医疗器械等细菌量进行监测,并及时与院感科沟通反馈,同时做好检验科自身感控工作。结果微生物检验室将院内感染病原微生物的鉴定、培养、药敏实验等检测结果定期向科室和院感科报告,当院内感染爆发时,承担相应检测工作。结论微生物检验实验室在院内感染检测中占据十分重要地位,应配合院感建立良好组织机构和宣传机制,探索更有效的控制医院感染预防措施。
简介:目的:寻找并确定一个中国常染色体隐性遗传性聋小家系的遗传分子病因,探讨该突变在中国人群中的携带情况。方法采集一个常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋小家系(No.1953)样本4例、常染色体隐性遗传性聋患者样本50例、正常听力对照样本208例,临床资料完整;对No.1953家系先证者样本进行全外显子组测序及生物信息学分析,确定可疑致病突变后采用突变位点PCR扩增、Sanger测序在该家系内部、隐性耳聋样本及正常听力样本中进行验证。结果TMC1基因复合杂合突变c.589G>A和c.1171C>T是No.1953家系的致聋突变;本组隐性耳聋患者及正常人均未发现携带该变异。结论TMC1基因复合杂合突变c.589G>A和c.1171C>T为常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋家系No.1953的致聋突变,在中国人群中的携带率低,该突变的确定丰富了遗传性聋的突变谱。
简介:ObjectivesToevaluateperipheralauditorydysfunctioninseniledementiaofAlzheimer'sdisease(AD)anditsrelationshipwithcognitivedysfunction.MethodsPuretonethresholds,wordrecognitionscores(WRS),acousticimmittanceandauditorybrain-stemresponses(ABR)weretestedtoevaluatetheauditoryfunctionin43ADpatientsand50normalsubjects.ThetestreliabilityinthesesubjectswasexaminedbeforethetestresultswereevaluatedfortheircorrelationwiththeMiniMentalStateExamination(MMSE)score.ResultsTherewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinperipheralauditoryfunctionsbetweenthetwoearsinthetestedsubjectsorbetweenthetwogroupswhentheauditometricresultsoftherightearwerecompared(P>0.05).Also,therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupswhenaudiometrictestreliability,acousticimpedanceandABRresultswerecompared(P>0.05).ConclutionsThepuretoneaudiometricthresholdandWRSinADpatientsaresimilartothoseincomparablenon-ADsenilesubjects.Peripheralauditorydysfunctionisnotrelatedtocognitivedysfunction.
简介:ThisarticlereviewstheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseaseat2-yearsfollow-upaccordingtotheguidelinesexpressedbytheAmericanAcademyofOtolaryngology-Head&NeckSurgery.DespitetheincreaseduseofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseasethereisdebateastotheireffectiveness,particularlycomparedtogentamicin.Evenso,afterjustasinglecourseofinjections,corticosteroidscanreliablyprovidecompletevertigocontrol(ClassA)at2-yearsinabout50%ofcasesasindicatedinarecentdouble-blindrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrial(Pateletal.,2016).Buttheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidstrulyincreaseswhentreatmentisprovided'as-needed',wherebycompletevertigocontrolisestablishedinupto91%ofcases.Onthebasisofavailableliterature,thereisgoodevidencetorecommendtheuseofintratympanicsteroidtreatmentforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdisease,butpatientsmustbemonitoredfornon-response.Therationalefortreatingpatientsas-neededandthepossiblereasonsforcorticosteroidnonresponsearediscussed.
简介:目的:了解大连地区非综合征性耳聋者及直系亲属耳聋基因突变情况。方法收集大连地区非综合征型耳聋患者及部分直系亲属共108例(患者98例,亲属10人),行纯音测听、声导抗测听及脑干诱发电位等听功能检查,采集末梢血用Iontorrent半导体测序方法,检测GJB2、GJB3、GJB6和SLC26A4基因的全外显子和线粒体12SrRNA基因的2个突变位点。结果病理性基因突变在108例受检者中检出率为41.7%(45/108),98例患者中检出率为38.8%(38/98),涉及3个基因23个突变位点,发现1例非常罕见的SLC26A4IVS15-2A>T剪接位点杂合突变。38例患者中34例(89.5%,34/38)为单基因突变,其中13例为复合杂合突变、6例为纯合突变;另外4例(10.5%,4/38)有两个基因同时发生突变。38例患者的42例次基因突变中,27例次(64.3%,27/42)为GJB2基因突变,12例次(28.6%,12/42)为SLC26A4基因突变,3例次(7.1%,3/42)为GJB3基因突变,没有检测到GJB6、12SrRNA基因突变;听力筛查不通过、经ABR测试为中重度感音神经性耳聋患儿33例,15例(45.5%,15/33)检测到病理性基因突变;成人散发性双耳感音神经性耳聋患者62例,病理性基因突变检出20例(32.3%,20/62)。结论大连地区98例非综合征性耳聋者,超过1/3检测到病理性耳聋基因突变,并以GJB2基因突变最常见。听力筛查通过的高危儿童及原因不明的双侧感音神经性耳聋者,实施热点致聋基因测序可以提高耳聋的病因诊断率。
简介:Bell’spalsyisacommonlyseencranialnervediseaseandcanresultincompromisedfacialappearanceandfunctions.Itsetiology,prognosisandtreatmentarestillbeingdebated.Thispaperisareviewofrecentdevelopmentintheunderstandingofetiology,diagnosisandnon-surgicaltreatmentofBell’spalsy.
简介:ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofnonsurgicalandsurgicalmanagementofMenière’sdiseaseatBeijingTiantanHospital.MethodsPatientswithMenière’sdiseasewerecategorizedintogroupsbasedonhearingandqualityoflife.Individualizedmanagementwasprovided,includinglifestylemodification,drugtherapies,endolymphaticsacdecompressionandlabyrinthectomy.Treatmentoutcomeswereevaluatedduringupto24monthsfollowup.ResultsEightysevenpatientsunderwentlifestylemodificationanddrugtherapies.ThevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas76.9%and83.8%respectively.Sixpatientsreceivedsurgicalmanagement,includingendolymphaticsacdecompression(n=5)andlabyrinthectomy(n=1).Forthesepatients,thevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas80%and100%,respectively.ConcluIsionsManagementofMenière’sdiseasedependsonseveralfactors,i.e.severitiesofvertigoandhearingloss,qualityoflife,surgicalcontraindicationsandpatientsubjectivedesire.Thetreatmentisdrugtherapiesforthemajorityofpatients,aswellaslifestylemodification.Surgicalindicationsarerareandtheleastinvasiveproceduresshouldbeconsideredfirst.Theresultsofsurgeryaregenerallysatisfying.
简介:Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.
简介:目的通过本实验证明s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床应用价值.材料:在上海市随机选取4-17岁640名健听儿童,从国内外数家康复中心随机选出共29名配戴助听器且采用腹式呼吸的聋儿接受s/z测试,以及30名接受胸式呼吸训练的配戴助听器聋儿.方法采用"实时言语矫治仪"进行测试,令受试者先发/s/音,然后发/z/音,均符合最长声时的发音要求,然后求其比值.结果s/z比值不受年龄、性别的影响,且聋儿组康复训练前后s/z比值有着显著性差异,胸式呼吸的s/z比远大于腹式呼吸组.结论s/z比值能够进一步检测出聋儿言语呼吸不协调的问题,为制定康复方案提供了有价值的参考;同时证明胸式呼吸不仅使得聋儿的言语呼吸支持不足,而且造成呼吸和发音系统的严重不协调.
简介:目的:对70岁以上老人的听力障碍情况进行调查,了解高龄老年人群的听力损失特点。方法对103例70岁以上老人进行老年听力障碍量表筛查版(HHIE-S)问卷调查,并采集基本健康信息。结果在103例受调查者中,34例存在听力障碍(33.0%)。存在听力障碍的老人中,70~79岁5例(15.6%),80~89岁21例(36.8%),90~98岁8例(57.1%)。罹患糖尿病对于总得分、情绪得分、社交场景得分具有显著影响(P〈0.05);年龄对社交场景得分有显著影响(P〈0.05),80岁以下的老年人社交场景得分低于80岁以上老年人(P〈0.05);噪声接触史对社交场景得分有显著影响(P〈0.05)。结论HHIE-S可较好反映70岁以上老年人听力障碍情况。
简介:摘要目的探讨产褥期后妇女盆底肌功能锻炼与电刺激联合生物反馈治疗的临床疗效。方法将2014年1月至2014年12月已分娩的248例产妇作为研究对象,分为2组,观察组124例,产后有医护人员对其进行盆底恢复的健康教育,并指导其进行盆底肌功能锻炼与电刺激联合生物反馈治疗;对照组124例,进行一般的产后健康教育,即指导其进行盆底功能锻炼及其一般的产后注意事项;于6个月后随访,研究产后盆底肌功能锻炼与电刺激联合生物反馈的疗效。结果尿失禁、腰骶痛、子宫脱垂、阴道壁膨出、性生活质量等方面比较,观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论盆底肌功能锻炼与电刺激联合生物反馈,是治疗产后盆底功能障碍的良好方法。