简介：ObjectiveThemainpurposeofthepresentstudywastodescribethevestibularfunctioninpatientswithauditoryneuropathy(AN),andtoassesstheirabilitytomaintainbalance.MethodsVestibularfunctiontestswereperformedon32patientswithANand36normalsubjectsincludingelectronystagmopraphy(ENG)andstaticpostrography(SPG).Theresultsfromthetwogroupswerecompared.ResultsEquilibriumfunctioninpatientswithAN,wasabnormal,comparedtonormalsubjects.ConclusionVestibularfunctiontests,espe-ciallystaticpostrography,shouldbeperformedonpatientswithAN.

简介：Profoundsensorineuralhearingloss(PSHL)isnotuncommonlyencounteredinotology.Inclinics,thereisahighincidenceofotolithicdamageinpatientswithPSHL,butrelevantreportsarefew.Sharingacontinuousmembranousstructureandsimilarreceptorcellultrastructures,thecochleaandvestibulemaybesusceptibletothesameharmfulfactors.Disordersoftheinnerearmayresultinavarietyofmanifestations,includingvertigo,spatialdisorientation,blurredvision,impairedarticulation,andhearingimpairment.ConsideringthediversityofclinicalsymptomsassociatedwithPSHLwithotolithicdysfunction,itmaybefrequentlymisdiagnosed,andobjectivemeansoftestingthefunctionofotolithicorgansshouldberecommendedforhearing-impairedpatients.Vestibular-evokedmyogenicpotentials(VEMPs)viaair-conductedsoundareofgreatimportanceforthediagnosisofotolithicfunction.HearingdevicessuchascochlearimplantsarecommonlyacceptedtreatmentsforPSHL,andearlyidentificationandtreatmentofvestibulardisordersmayincreasethesuccessrateofcochlearimplantation.Therefore,itisnecessarytoincreaseawarenessofotolithicfunctionalstatesinpatientswithPSHL.

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheeffectofsalicylateontheexpressionandfunctionofNMDAreceptorsinspiralganglionneurons(SGNs).MethodsThemRNAofNR1subunitofNMDAreceptorinmodiolustissuesweredetectedbyRealtimefluorescencequantitativePCR(FQ-PCR).NMDAreceptorwhole-cellcurrentswererecordedusingpatchclampinacuteisolatedSGNs.ResultsComparedwiththecontrolgroup,salicylatesignificantlyincreasedthemRNAlevelofNR1subunitinSGNs.NMDAofconcentrationsrangingfrom0.1mMto10mMevokednocurrentinSGNs.NMDA(0.1mMand0.5mM)appliedwithsalicylate(5mM),however,inducedinwardcurrents(212.6±15.2pA,n=5;607.9±44.3pA,n=5)inadose-dependentmanner,whichcouldbeinhibitedbyAPV.SalicylatealonedidnotproduceanycurrentinSGNs.ConclusionSalicylateincreasestheexpressionofNMDAreceptorsandfacilitatesthecurrentsmediatedbyNMDAreceptorsinSGNs.

简介：Electricallyevokedcompoundactionpotential(eCAP)amplitudeselicitedatsuprathresholdlevelswereassessedasameasureoftheeffectivenessofcochlearimplant(CI)stimulation.Twenty-oneindividualsparticipated;onewasexcludedduetofacialstimulationduringeCAPtesting.Foreachparticipant,eCAPswereelicitedwithstimulationfromsevenelectrodesneartheupperlimitoftheindividual'selectricaldynamicrange.Areduced-channelCIprogramwascreatedusingthosesamesevenelectrodes,andparticipantsperformedavoweldiscriminationtask.Consistentwithpreviousreports,eCAPamplitudesvariedacrosstestedelectrodes;theprofileswereuniquetoeachindividual.In6subjects(30%),eCAPamplitudevariabilitywaspartiallyexplainedbytheimpedanceoftherecordingelectrode.Theremainingamplitudevariabilitywithinsubjects,andthevariabilityobservedacrosssubjectscouldnotbeexplainedbyrecordingelectrodeimpedance.Thisimpliesthatotherunderlyingfactors,suchasvariationsinneuralstatusacrossthearray,areresponsible.Across-sitemeaneCAPamplitudewassignificantlycorrelatedwithvoweldiscriminationscores(r2?0.56).AsingleeCAPamplitudemeasuredfromthemiddleofthearraywasalsosignificantlycorrelatedwithvoweldiscrimination,butthecorrelationwasweaker(r2?0.37),thoughnotstatisticallydifferentfromtheacrosssitemean.NormalizingeacheCAPamplitudebyitsassociatedrecordingelectrodeimpedancedidnotimprovethecorrelationwithvoweldiscrimination(r2?0.52).FurtherworkisneededtoassesswhethercombiningeCAPamplitudewithothermeasuresoftheelectrode-neuralinterfaceand/orwithmorecentralmeasuresofauditoryfunctionprovidesamorecompletepictureofauditoryfunctioninCIrecipients.

简介：Objective:TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoexaminetheeffectofhypothyroidismonhearingfunctioninpatientssurgicallytreatedfordifferentiatedthyroidcancerandsubsequentlyexperiencedhypothyroidismduringpreparationforfollowupI-131scintigraphyscanbyeitherrecombinanthumanthyroidstimulatinghormone(rhTSH)treatmentorthyroidhormonewithdrawal(THW).Methods:Atotalof55patientsundergoingI-131scintigraphyscanfollowingsurgeriesfordifferentiatedthyroidcancerwereincludedinthestudy,including25patientspreparedbyadministrationofrecombinantTSH(rhTSHGroup)and30patientsbythyroidhormonewithdrawal(THWGroup).Results:Airconductionthresholdsat1,2and4kHzforbothearswerehigherduringhypothyroidperiodthanduringeuthyroidperiodforpatientsintheTHWgroup(p<0.05)butnotforpatientsintherhTSHgroup.Conclusion:Sensorineuralhearinglosswasdetected,especiallyatlowfrequencies,inpatientswithDTCaftersurgicaltreatmentwhosehormonereplacementtherapywaswithdrawnbutnotinthosereceivingrhTSH.ItisthereforepreferredtouserhTSHwhenpreparingforI-131scintigraphyscaninpatientsatriskforhearingloss.

简介：AlportsyndromeisanX-linkedsyndromethatresultsinnephritis,renalfailure,sensorineuralhearingloss,andeyedeficits.Asaresultofsensorineuralhearingloss,theseindividualsarelikelytoexperiencedifficultiesintheareaofspeechandlanguage.Whilestudiesinthepasthaveexaminedthespeechandlanguagecharacteristicsofchildrenwithsyndromicsensorineuralhearingloss,toourknowledgetherearenopreviousstudiestohavedocumentedthespeechandlanguagecharacteristicsofthesechildrenonalong-termbasis.Thecurrentstudyaddressesthislimitationbyreportingspeech,language,hearing,andfunctionoftwinbrotherswithX-linkedAlportsyndromeacrossaseven-yearperiod.Informationwascollectedbyexaminingthemedicalrecordsoftheparticipantsaswellasthroughaverbalinterviewwiththeparticipants'guardian.Resultsrevealedthattheparticipants'hearingabilitiesgraduallydeterioratedovertheseven-yearperiodwhichaffectedtheirspeechandlanguagedevelopmentaswell.Thekidneyfunctiontestsrevealedsignificantpresenceofhematuria(bloodintheurine)aswellasproteinuria(proteinintheurine)suggestingchronickidneydysfunction.Thislongitudinalstudydemonstratesthefunctionalrelationshipbetweenthekidneysandthecochlea,althoughtheyappeartobeindependentofoneanother.AsindividualswithAlportsyndromeexhibitsystemiccomplications,interdisciplinarycollaborationisessentialamonghealthcareprovidersincludingaudiologists,speech-languagepathologists,nephrologists,andophthalmologisttopromoteevidence-basedpractice.

简介：ObjectiveToestablishananimalmodelofsuddenonsetsensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)tostudyitsmechanisms.MaterialsandmethodsTheinnerearwasexposedto3-nitropropionicacidat0.5mol/L(3-NP(H))and0.3mol/L(3-NP(L))throughtheroundwindowmembranefor30minutesin50maleguineapigs.Thresholdsofauditorybrainstemresponses(ABR)wereestablishedbeforethetreatmentandretestedat4hours,1day,3daysand6daysfollowing3-NPexposure.Controlanimalsweretreatedwithphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)andtheirABRswereretestedat4hoursand1dayafterthetreatment.Animalsweremonitoredfornystagmusandposturalsignsofvestibulardysfunction,usingadigitalvideocamera,followingthetreatmentprocedure.Specimensweretakenat12hours,1day,3daysand7daysfollowing3-NP(H)exposureandembeddedinJB4forlightmicroscopyobservation.ResultsABRswerelostinallanimalstestedat4hoursfollowing3-NP(H)exposure.TherateofcompleteABRlossdecreasedaspost-treatmenttesttimeincreased.ABRswerelostin80%(4/5)oftheanimalsat1dayafterexposureto3-NP(L).Spontaneoushorizontalnystagmuswithafastphaseawayfromthetreatedeardevelopedinall3-NP(H)-treatedanimalsandin20%(1/5)oftheanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheonetreatedbilaterally.Variousdegreeofposturaldisturbancesconsistentwithunilateralvestibulardysfunction,suchasspontaneousbarrelrollingtowardstheexposuresidewhilewalking,wereseeninallanimalsexposedto3-NP(H)and40%(2/5)ofanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheoneanimaltreatedbilaterally,whichshowednosignsofimbalance.Bothnystagmusandposturaldisturbancesresolvedin2daysfollowing3-NPexposure.HistologicalstudyshowedtemporaryedematintheorganorCorti,Claudiuscellsandtheinnersulcuscells3daysafter3-NP(H)treatment.Enlargementofintercellularspaceinthespiralprominencewasfirstnoticedat12hourspost-3-NP(H)exposure,progressedatd

简介：ObjectiveTostudycharacteristicsofhearinglossafterexposuretomoderatenoiseexposureinC57BL/6Jmice.MethodsMaleC57BL/6Jmicewithnormalhearingatageof5-6weekswerechosenforthisstudy.Themicewererandomlyselectedtobestudiedimmediatelyafterexposure(GroupP0),or1day(GroupP1),3days(GroupP3),7days(GroupP7)or14days(P14)afterexposure.Theirbeforeexposureconditionservedasthenormalcontrol.Allmicewereexposedtoabroad-bandwhitenoiseat100dBSPLfor2hours,ABRthresholdswereusedtoestimatehearingstatusateachtimepoint.ResultsABRthresholdelevationwasseenateverytestedfrequencyatP0(P<0.01).Elevationathigh-frequencies(16kHzand32kHz)wasgreaterthanatlowerfrequencies(4kHzand8kHz,P<0.05).FromP1toP14,ABRthresholdscontinuouslyimproved,andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenP14andbeforeexposure(P>0.05).ConclusionThereisafrequencyspecificresponseto100dBSPLbroad-bandwhitenoiseinC57BL/6Jmice,withthehigh-frequencybeingmoresusceptible.HearinglossinducedbymoderatenoiseexposureappearsreversibleinC57BL/6Jmice.

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheinfluenceofJiangTangFangLongformulaoninsulinproductionandfunctioninananimalmodelofdiabetichearingloss.MethodsWistarrats(n=60)wererandomlydividedinto6groups(10ineach)toreceivenotreatment(thenormalcontrol,GroupA),ortoreceiveintra-peritoneal55mg/kgstreptozotocinwith(GroupsC,DandE)orwithout(GroupB)subsequentJiangTangFangLongformulatreatmentatvariousdosesorYuLongWantreatment(GroupF).After60days,fastingbloodglucose(FBG),bodyweight(BW)andfastinginsulin(FINS)wererecordedandtheHOMA-IRandHOMA-βcalcu-lated.Insulinexpressioninpancreatictissueswasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassay.ResultsComparedwithanimalsthatreceivedstreptozotocinwithoutrescuetreatment(GroupB),animalsthatreceivedhigherdosesofJiangTangFangLongformula(GroupsDandE)showedimprovedindicesofdiabetesmanifestation(P<0.05)andimprovedHOMA-β(P<0.05)inadose-dependentmanner,aswellasimprovedinsulinexpressioninpancreaticislets(P<0.05).ThedifferencebetweenlowdoseJiangTangFangLongformulatreatment(GroupC)andGroupBwasnotsignificant(P>0.05).ConclusionOurresultssuggestthatJiangTangFangLongformulamayimprovepancreaticβ-cellsfunctionwhichmayexplainitsefficacyintreatingdiabetichearingloss.