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简介：AbstractBackground:The association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and renal function has rarely been reported in men. We aimed to investigate the above association in a community-based Chinese population.Methods:A total of 5027 men were included from the survey on prevalence for metabolic diseases and risk factors, which is a population-based study conducted from 2014 to 2016 in Eastern China. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the chronic kidney disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Low eGFR was defined as eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2.Results:After adjusting for age, smoking, metabolic factors, and testosterone, through increasing quartiles of SHBG, a significantly positive association between SHBG quartiles and eGFR was detected in men (Q1 vs. Q4, β -2.53, 95% confidence interval -3.89,-1.17, Ptrend < 0.001). Compared with the highest quartile of SHBG, SHBG in the lowest quartile was associated with 96% higher odds of low eGFR (odds ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.10, 3.48) in the model after full adjustment. According to the stratified analyses, the associations between a 1-standard deviation increase in serum SHBG and the prevalence of low eGFR were significant in men aged ≥60 years old, waist circumference <90 cm, diabetes (no), hypertension (yes), dyslipidemia (no), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (no).Conclusions:Lower serum SHBG levels were significantly associated with lower eGFR and a higher prevalence of low eGFR in Chinese men independent of demographics, lifestyle, metabolic-related risk factors, and testosterone. Large prospective cohort and basic mechanistic studies are warranted in the future.

简介：AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by acute renal dysfunction, is an increasingly common clinical problem and an important risk factor in the subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Regardless of the initial insults, the progression of CKD after AKI involves multiple types of cells, including renal resident cells and immune cells such as macrophages. Recently, the involvements of macrophages in AKI-to-CKD transition have garnered significant attention. Furthermore, substantial progress has also been made in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of macrophages from the acute kidney to repair or fibrosis. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the roles and mechanisms of macrophage activation and phenotypic polarization, and transdifferentiation in the development of AKI-to-CKD transition. In addition, the potential of macrophage-based therapy for preventing AKI-to-CKD transition is also discussed.

简介：ＴｈｅＱｉｇｏｎｇＢｉｏｎｉｃＫｉｄｎｅｙＢｅｌｔＴｈｅＱｉｇｏｎｇｂｉｏｎｉｃｋｉｄｎｅｙｂｅｌｔ，ｏｎｅｏｆａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｑｉｇｏｎｇｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ，ｔｏｏｋｔｈｅｇｏｌｄｍｅｄａｌａｔｔｈｅ１９９４ＣｈｉｎａＨｅａｌｔｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓＣ...

简介：SYPHILISISAchronicsexuallytransmitteddiseasecausedbyTreponumPallidumspreadingtothewholebody.LateSyphiliscanencroachonmostoftheorgans,butearlysyphilishaslessdamagetotheinternalorgans.Hereisacaseofsecondarysyphiliswithliverandkidneyinvolvementreportedasfollows:

简介：Introduction,Theroleofleftventriculographyhasevolvedradicallyoverthelasthalf-century,buthasreceivedlittlenoticeintheacademicliterature.ThetechniqueandfrequencyofuseofleftventriculographyvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStates,institutions,andindividuals.

简介：Hypemecrospenniaisthecommondiseasefrequentlyseeninandriatry.It'soneofthemainreasonsthatcausethemasculinesterility.DuringMarch1997December2003.Theauthorapplieddecoctionfortonifyingthekidneyandgeneratingthespermintreatmentofthisdiseaseandreceivedrathergoodefficacy.Thecompletesummaryof136caseswasreportedasfollowed.

简介：AbstractBackground:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication following lung transplantation (LTx), and it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. This study assessed the incidence of AKI after LTx and analyzed the associated perioperative factors and clinical outcomes.Methods:This retrospective study included all adult LTx recipients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing between March 2017 and December 2019. The outcomes were AKI incidence, risk factors, mortality, and kidney recovery. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. Survival analysis was presented using the Kaplan-Meier curves.Results:AKI occurred in 137 of the 191 patients (71.7%), with transient AKI in 43 (22.5%) and persistent AKI in 94 (49.2%). AKI stage 1 occurred in 27/191 (14.1%), stage 2 in 46/191 (24.1%), and stage 3 in 64/191 (33.5%) of the AKI patients. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was administered to 35/191 (18.3%) of the patients. Male sex, older age, mechanical ventilation (MV), severe hypotension, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), reintubation, and nephrotoxic agents were associated with AKI (P < 0.050). Persistent AKI was independently associated with preoperative pulmonary hypertension, severe hypotension, post-operative MODS, and nephrotoxic agents. Severe hypotension, septic shock, MODS, reintubation, prolonged MV, and ECMO during or after LTx were related to severe AKI (stage 3) (P < 0.050). Patients with persistent and severe AKI had a significantly longer duration of MV, longer duration in the intensive care unit (ICU), worse downstream kidney function, and reduced survival (P < 0.050).Conclusions:AKI is common after LTx, but the pathogenic mechanism of AKI is complicated, and prerenal causes are important. Persistent and severe AKI were associated with poor short- and long-term kidney function and reduced survival in LTx patients.

简介：Chronicheartfailureisincreasinglyprevalentworldwideandisassociatedwithsignificantmorbidityandmortality.TheCochranereviewdemonstratedthatcardiacrehabilitation(CR)resultedinimprovementsinQOLandareductioninlong-termmortality.Chronickidneydisease(CKD)isanotherworldwidepublichealthproblem.ThisreviewfocusesontheimportanceandefficacyofrehabilitationforCKDpatientsasanewtargetofCR.PatientswithCKDonhemodialysis(HD)haveahighmortalityrate,withcardiovasculardiseases,suchaschronicheartfailure.Anewsystematicreviewandmeta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsreportedthatexercise-basedrenalrehabilitationimprovedaerobiccapacity,muscularfunctioning,cardiovascularfunction,walkingcapacity,andQOLinCKDpatientswithHD.Moreover,exercisetrainingmayhaverenalprotectiveeffects,notonlyinsomeanimalmodelsofpre-HDCKD,butalsoinpre-HDCKDpatients.Exercisetherapycouldbeaneffectiveclinicalstrategyinimprovingrenalfunction,loweringtheneedforrenalreplacementtherapy,suchasHD,andreducingrenaltransplantriskinpre-HDCKDpatients.ThisledtheMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfareofJapantoextendrenalrehabilitationpartialcoveragetostage4pre-HDCKDpatientsforthefirsttimeintheworldin2016.

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简介：ULTRAFunctionEnterpriseCompanyLimited(UFECL)isaSino-foreignjointventurewhichpro-ducesthecompoundsofREwithhighpurityinChina.Itpossessesadvancedinternationalseparationtechnol-ogyofrareearthandanalytical-testinginstrument.

简介：Thedomainoflinearfunctionf(x)=ax+b(a≠0)isR,itsrangeisR.Thedomainofinverseproportionfunctionf(x)=(k/x)(k≠0)is{x|x≠0},itsrangeisB={y|y≠0}.Thedomainofquadraticfunction,f(x)=ax~2+bx+c(a≠0)isR,itsrangeisB.B={y|y≥(4ac-b~2)/4a},whena>0;B={y|y≤(4ac-b~2/4a)},

简介：Wehavelearnedtheconceptofthefunc-tioninthejuniorhighschool.Itiswhatde-scribeslikethis:Establishtohavetwovariablesxandyinavarietyofprocess.Ifyisauniqueelementassignedtoeveryx,sayingyisafunctionofx;xiscalledtheindependentvariable.

简介：Whenyoufindthetangentlinetoacurveatonepointandthevelocityofanobject,youwillfindbothoftheminvolvingthesametypeoflimit.Let’sstartwiththedifferencequotient.

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简介：Hereweexploresomefundamentalaspectsofwhatmaybetermedasanewarithmeticfunction（definednotionallyastheTfunction）togetherwithitspossibleinverse（TI）,asitisnotinfrequentdiscussionamongthenumbertheorists.

简介：DiabetespertainstoXiaokeinTCM.Itisdividedintothreekinds,namely,upperlung,middlestomachandlowerkidney,itstreatmentisalsodividedintomoisteninglung,clearingawaystomach-heatandnourishingthekidneyaccordingly.Buttogettherootofthematter,thetreatmentoflong-durationDMshouldbedominatedbynourishingkidneyandfosteringtheYin.Accordingtothistheory,theXiaoTangYinwasformulated.Ifconsiderationcanbegiventoothersymptomsandflexiblemodificationcanbemade,goodeffectsweregotalways.

简介：AbstractThe incidence of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing, it has become a major threat to human health because of its acute onset, poor prognosis, and high hospital costs. The most common cause of AKI in critical-care units is sepsis. Septic AKI is a complex and multi-factorial process; its pathogenesis is not fully understood. In sepsis, the destruction of mucosal barriers, intestinal flora disorders, intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, use of antibiotics, and lack of intestinal nutrients lead to an inflammatory reactions that in turn affects the metabolism and immunity of the host. Such changes further influence the occurrence and development of AKI. New technology is enabling various detection methods for intestinal flora. Clinical application of these methods in septic renal injury is expected to clarify the relationship among pathogenesis, disease progression mechanism, and intestinal flora.

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aims to describe presenting characteristics of patients diagnosed with non-invasive chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) following liver or kidney transplant and determine factors associated with disease-related complications, selection of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and disease resolution in this population.Study design:Retrospective chart review.Setting:An academic tertiary care center (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota).Subjects and methods:Liver and kidney transplant recipients evaluated by Mayo Clinic otolaryngologists for CRS between 1998 and 2018 were identified. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine patient factors and treatment modalities associated with developing complications, selection of ESS, and disease resolution.Results:Fifty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. No patients developed intraorbital or intracranial complications of their CRS. Multivariate modeling demonstrated that the presence of polyps (P = 0.036) was associated with undergoing ESS within one year of presentation. A higher Lund-Mackay (LM) computed tomography score (P = 0.023) and older age (P = 0.018) were significantly associated with decreased disease resolution. No other factors were significantly associated with the use of endoscopic sinus surgery within one year of otolaryngology presentation or resolution of CRS in this cohort.Conclusion:The risk of developing CRS-related intraorbital or intracranial complications in this immunecompromised patient cohort may be lower than originally thought. For liver- and kidney-recipients stable on immunosuppressive medication for many years, prognostic factors for CRS may mirror those for immunocompetent patients.